
Glass i M j 



THE 

BRIGHTON AMBULATOR, 

CONTAINING 

\ 

HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL 

DELIIEATIONS 

OF 

* 

FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT TIME 

BY C. WRIGHT.' 



DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO HIS 

ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE REGENT. 



LONDON: 

printed for the author j and published by 
sherwood, neely, and jones, paternoster- 
row j wilson, cornhillj clements, strand, 
! London; by c. wright, 5, princes-place, 
i north-street, brighton; and sold by all 

BOOKSELLERS. 



1818. 






Pluminer and BrewiB, Printers, Love-lane, JLastcheap, London. 



DEDICATION. 



TO 

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS 
GEORGE AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, 



OF THE 



UNITED KINGDOMS OF GREAT BRITAIN 
AND IRELAND, &c. &c. &c. 

May it phase your Royal Highness 

To accept the most humble acknow- 
ledgments of the Author for the honor of being 
permitted to lay before your Royal Highness 
this small Volume, containing a Topographical 
History of the Town and Parish of Brighton, 



i\ 



which has been so, peculiarly favored with the 
patronage of your Royal Highness, and of your 
August and Illustrious Family. 

To trace all the causes, and to detail all the 
circumstances which have co-operated to elevate 
this Town to its present enviable state, would 
require* an abler hand than mine; but it was 
impossible to mark the successive periods of its 
improvement, and trace the progress of its 
growing importance, without designating your 
Royal Highness the Author of its Prosperity. 

In a place, the Inhabitants of which have 
witnessed and experienced, through a series of 
years, the gracious condescension, generosity, 
and munificence of your Royal Highness, to 
obtrude my humble testimony to those virtues 
which are well known to all, and which rise so 
far above my ability to express, may expose 
me to the charge of presumption ; — and to 
enumerate the many instances in which this 
Town has been honored by your Royal High- 
nesses Illustrious Patronage, would as far ex- 
ceed the limits of a Dedication, as it would 



surpass my humble powers to record them in 
appropriate language. But one requisite for 
doing justice to a subject so extensive and 
exalted, I presume to claim ; — in those feelings 
of profound respect and loyal attachment which 
I possess, in common with all the Inhabitants 
of this highly favored Town, and in the zeal 
and gratitude with which 

I have the honor to be, 

Your Royal Highnesses 

Most devoted and obliged, 

Subject and Servant, 

CHARLES WRIGHT. 

Brighton, 

June 4,, 1818. 



PREFACE. 



ACTUATED with a desire to publish a con- 
cise History of Brighton, in the best possible state 
of correction, the Author anxiously trusts that the 
Ambulator will be found fully adequate to an- 
swer the enquiries of the Traveller, and for the 
purpose of general information ; — it being com- 
piled from the most authentic sources, — the 
greatest part newly arranged, and the subject 
extended almost under every head, with much 
original matter given. To be corrected in errors, 
which unavoidably may have been committed, or 
to be informed of any thing which may have 
escaped his research, and which may render the 
Work more complete, would afford him pleasure, 
and such communications will be thankfully 
received. 



Vlll 



The Author most respectfully relies upon 
the kind consideration of the Public, and trusts, 
that in the perusal of the Volume they will dis- 
cover his object has been to blend the Ancient, 
Modern, and Present Description of the Town in 
chronological order. Leaving his infant pro- 
duction to their kind patronage, he hopes it will 
not be deemed wholly unworthy of their appro- 
bation. 



Brighton, 
5, Prince's Place, North Street, 
June A, 1818. 



CONTENTS 



Page. 

Antiquities % • • • 5 

Artillery Place . 58 

Assinary • • • 171 

Aquatic Excursions •• • *ibid. 

Bankers 16 1 

Barracks— cavalry • 123 

infantry •• 125 

Bathing 134 

— - Regulations 176 

Baths, medicated vapour *..... •*• 137 

Original, Wood's 139 

Royal ~ 155 

Benefactions « 169 

Billiard-rooms <-■ 127 

Boarding-houses • 151 

Botanic Gardens 64 

Charles II. (Escape of) • *•.•• 12 

Climate S3 

Church 72 

Church -yard 76 

Chapel Royal • 79 

St. JamesVstreet 80 

Countess of Huntingdon 81 

T. R. Kemp 84 

Dr. Styles 86 

Arminian or Westleyan 87 

Unitarian ibid. 

— ! (Various) 88 



X + 

Page. 

Commerce 96 

Chalybeate spring ...» 141 

Coaches 166 

Description of Brighton ••••. 24 

Description of the intended work-house 59 

Dispensary 102 

Donations, &c. •....„.., , 105 

Etymology 1 

East Division of the Town 84 

Establishment cf a Gass-light Company 64 

Encroachments of the Sea 132 

Fortifications , « „ , . 9 

History, (ancient and modern) ,. 2 

- — (present) ...••.. 18 

Infirmary .105 

Intended Improvements 65 

Legacies 120 

Letters of Horses 176 

Libraries, Donaldson's ......146 

*— Tuppin's 147 

— Choat's 148 

- Wright's 149 

1 Wright's music 150 

Minke .....ibid. 

List of Streets and Squares, with the number of 

Houses in 1770 and 1794 S3 

List of ditto for 1818 -. 67 

Livery Stables 175 

Local Conveyances * 170 

Regulations 89 

Marine Parade « £0 



XI 

Tage. 

Markets 93 

Memoirs of the late Dr. ttussel 143 

North Division 54 

North Stey nes » .. 55 

Packets 100 

Pavilion 36 

Population « 10 1 

Post Office 172 

Professors of Music, Languages, &c ...163 

Provident Institutions 119 

Physicians, &c. - 159 

Printers, &c 166 

Public Exhibitions 130 

Riding Masters and Teachers • • ...'...* 176 

Royal Crescent 52 

School of Industry Ill 

National ,....110 

Union Charity, for girls 112 

ditto for boys 113 

— Duke-street, Mr. Kemp's 114 

Sea 131 

Sedan Chair and Fly Regulations 177 

Seminaries 162 

Shampooing .' 138 

Situation • 20 

Society, Maternal 114 

Dollar i 115 

Benevolent 1 16 

For promoting Christian Knowledge ibid 

' British and Foreign 117 

United Fishermen's 118 

Friendly 119 

Soil 22 

Solicitors • • . . 159 

Sporting varieties 128 



Xll 

Steyne , . 47 

. St. James's-street 54 

Subscription House 127 

Subscription pack of harriers 129 

Taverns, &c. Castle 152 

Old Ship 164 

■ '— New Inn ; 155 

_.. Royal, (late New Steyne) ibid . 

— Regent 156 

Theatre 125 

Town of Brighton 32 

Town Officers 158 

West Division of the Town 57 

Waggons 169 



iivtflljton 

AMBULATOR. 

PART I. 
Etymology and Modern History of Brighton. 



THERE is a degree of obscurity about the ety- 
mology of Brighton which may be much regretted, 
but its rise and progress can be easily ascer- 
tained. It is said to have been a place of note in 
early times, but of this fact we have no precise 
record. Bailey, in his dictionary observes that it was 
St. Brighthelm, a Saxon, who gave the name to the 
town. Skinner says, Brighton was so named from 
Brighthelm, a canonised bishop of Fontenoy, in France, 
who lived so late as the middle of the 10th century. 
Other testimonies state that it was a Saxon bishop 
of that name, who resided here during the heptarchy, 
who gave his name to the town. This supposition 
is more probable, for we find that when Ella, (with his 
three sons, Cimen, Wiencing, and Cisa,) effected their 

B 



2 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

landing at West Wittering, S. W. of Chichester, anno 
447, and defeating the Britons, who endeavoured to 
oppose him, took possession of all the maritime parts 
of the country. Ella thus laid the foundation of the 
kingdom of the South Saxons, from which the 
country derives its name. Brighthelm accompanied this 
army. One of his successors resided at Aldrington, 
and held a considerable portion of land until the year 
693, when that bishop was killed in battle. This is 
stated by Stillingfleet, and other writers, but no 
mention is made of the place where the engagement 
was fought. 

After the death of Brighthelm this town appears 
to have belonged to the ancestors of Earl Godwin. 
They were called Thanes, or noblemen of considerable 
possessions in Sussex. But the first, of which we have 
any account, was Ulnolh, lord of the manor of Bright* 
helmstone, who was appointed commander of the ships 
sent by the county of Sussex in 1008, to oppose the 
invasion of the Danes. In 1019 we find Ulnoth's son, 
Earl Godwin, accompanied King Canute to Denmark, 
then invaded by the Vandals. Godwin performed 
some distinguished exploits, and the king created him 
Earl of Kent, Sussex, and Surry. About 1046 Earl 
Godwin became unpopular with Edward, the Con- 
fessor, when Brighthelmstone and his other pos- 
tjessions were seized. Godwin regained them by force, 
and, being re-instated, enjoyed his possessions until 
the 17th of April, 1053, when he was suddenly taken 
ill at a dinner at Winchester, where the court of 
Edward was then held, and died four days afterwards. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. $ 

Harold, the eldest son of Earl Godwin, succeeded 
to the chief manor of Brighthelmstone. This noble- 
man was distinguished for his qualities as a statesman 
and warrior, and his public and private virtues so en- 
deared him to the nation, that they began to look 
upon him to be the fittest person to succeed the reign- 
ing monarch. Upon the death of Edward, 1065, he 
was chosen king, but from some secret arrangements 
between the king, and William, duke of Normandy, the 
latter made a claim, when he asserted his right by force 
of arms. After Harold had defeated his brother Tostin. 
and the king of Norway, at Stanford Bridge, near 
York, William landed at Pevensey, in Sussex. Harold 
immediately proceeded southward, and, with the ad- 
dition of some levies hastily collected at Brighthelm- 
stone and his other manors in Sussex, encamped within 
nine miles of the invaders. On the 14th of October, 
anno 1066, he joined battle with the Normans, and, 
after performing all that valour and judgment could 
do against so brave an enemy, closed his life in the 
field of battle near Hastings. 

Harold's possessions of Brighthelmstone, and his 
other manors having fallen into the hands of William 
the Conqueror, this town was conferred on his son-in- 
law, and one of his generals, William, Lord of Warren, 
in Normandy, afterwards created Earl of Surry in 
England, with the rape of Lewes, to which was at- 
tached the castle of Lewes and its demesnes. 

The south Saxon monarchy lasted about 320 
years, during which the most remarkable occurrence 
b 2 



4 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

was the conversion of Adelwach to Christianity by 
Wilfred, first bishop of Sussex, in the year 650. 

By a reference to doomsday book, we have some 
authority for our guidance. It is written Bristelmctune. 
This valuable record of antiquity was begun in 1086, 
by order of William the Conqueror, and was compiled 
in less than six years, written on 380 double pages of 
vellum, in one hand, and it is, without doubt, the most 
important and interesting document possessed by any 
nation in Europe. It is also remarkable, that of the 
63 hundreds in the division of the county of Sussex, 
one half of them retain the same name now as were 
inserted in doomsday book. For a proof we shall 
enumerate the following in this neighbourhood. 

Bristelmetune .... Brighthelmstone. 

Hov. Hove Villa and Ecclesia. 

Newtimbreham > , ; Newtimber _ 

Nivembre y 

Prestetune ..... Preston. 

Paninges Poynings. 

Wordinges Worthing. 

Stanninges Steyning. 

The Saxon division of the county into rapes is a 
term peculiar to Sussex. 

The discovery of a Roman military way a few 
years ago on St. John's common, and in the enclosed 
lands adjoining, in the parishes of Hymere and Clayton, 
winch has since been dug up for the materials to mend 
the turnpike road from London to Brighton, fully con- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 5 

firms the opinion of Camden, Stillingfleet, and other 
antiquaries who fix the Partus Adurni of the Romans, 
at Aldringlon near this town, which, for want of such 
a way being known, Salmon is inclined to find at Old 
Romney in Kent. 

This fact being satisfactorily decided among his- 
torians respecting the Roman road, and from the 
discovery of some coins, one of large brass, inscribed 
'** Antoninvs" the reader will also find an instance of 
the wreck of time, in viewing the ruins of Aldrington 
church, the tottering walls of an ancient and not large 
edifice, situated in an open field about \\ mile to the 
west of Brighton. On this side of the town a great 
number of human bones have been found, whence it 
has been concluded, that some important battle was 
fought here, of which, however, we have no historical 
evidence. 

Without indulging in fanciful conjectures respect- 
ing the etymology of Brightelmstone, we shall, in the 
absence of positive information on that subject, pro- 
ceed to trace the remains of antiquities in the neigh- 
bourhood. 

Church-hill, upon the elevation of which stancls a 

venerable structure. Of the erection of the Church 

we have no record ; nor can we learn from the style 

of architecture to fix a probable date. About this hill 

there are various barrows, in which are deposited the 

remains of the ancient inhabitants of this island. It 

is reasonably supposed that the Britons called this 

hill the sacred hill or promontory, where they erected 

ilruidical altars, formed of three large stones, raised 
b 3 



6 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

perpendicular, with a much larger table stone incum- 
bent on the top. There are several of these large 
stones to be seen, as if thrown down from their origi- 
nal structure. Some of them lie in a field leading to 
the Chalybeate spring. Close to the road, in a field, 
near the declivity of Church-hill, are the remains of 
other stones; in short, the variety of these stones 
near the barrows, have, from time to time, attracted the 
notice of antiquarians, but no satisfactory conclusions 
have been drawn from their frequent researches. 

We have to notice the vestiges of Roman camps. 
About a mile on the downs, above Brighton, near the 
race course, on the summit of a hill, which entirely 
commands the sea, is a triple earth work, with ditches, 
distinguishable, but of a few feet only in depth. The 
angles are rounded off, as are many Roman camps, 
and the outermost trench measures three-quarters of 
a mile. 

At Hollingbury-hill, which is distant two miles 
further in a northerly direction, there is a Roman 
camp, and the only one which lies at any considerable 
distance from the acclivity of the downs. The plan 
is nearly a square, enclosing five acres. In the centre 
are three large barrows. This station contains several 
tumuli, on which skeletons, bones, and a few Roman 
coins, have at different times been discovered. 

Between Brighton and Lewes are still to be seen 
lines and intrenchments, which are apparently Roman, 
and, some years ago, an urn was dug up in this 
neighbourhood, containing 1000 silver denarii, on 
which were impressions of all the Emperors. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 7 

At the conquest William gave the rape of Lewes 
.md its barony to William de Warren, who distinguished 
himself at the battle of Hastings. This town was in- 
cluded in those large possessions granted to William 
de Warren, who made it part of the endowment to the 
rich Cluniac priory which he founded at Lewes. 

A convent for mendicant friars was founded here 
in 1080, by William, Earl Warren, and his wife, 
Gundred, fourth daughter to William the Conqueror. 
It was dedicated to St. Bartholomew, and it was 
maintained and supported by the industry of the in- 
habitants. This convent was built upon the spot of 
ground upon which stands the workhouse. It ap- 
peared to have been occupied by its religious order of 
mendicants, until 1513, when the French made a 
descent upon this part of the coast, pillaged and set 
fire to the town. The prior's lodge, which was the 
only part that escaped the conflagrationj was pulled 
down in 1790, and the present vicarage house erected. 

In digging the foundations for the workhouse, 
built in 1730, a number of skeletons and bones were 
discovered, which proves that the burial ground of 
the convent was confined to this spot. 

After the Norman conquest, Brighton gradually 
emerged from the most abject state of feudal depen- 
dance, and became so considerable in population, as 
to need the accommodation of a public market, and 
in the year 1313, John de Warren, Earl of Surry, ob- 
tained a weekly charter for holding a market on 

Thursday. 

b4 



3 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

The lower town, or that under the cliff, being too 
small for the residence of the mariners, many of them 
fixed their habitations in the upper town; but the 
husbandmen and artificers having covered the cliff 
with their dwellings, a considerable way from the 
Steyne, westward, the fishermen began two streets, one 
at either end of that range, which where named from 
their situation, and still point out the early limits of 
the town. After East-street and West-street, the 
intermediate streets were erected, and the proprietors 
of the North-lanes built their dwelling houses in North- 
street. 

In this state of progressive prosperity Brighton 
continued until 1377, when the French invaded this 
part of the coast, burnt and plundered most of the 
towns from Portsmouth to Hastings ; but the exact 
injury which Brighton sustained has not been re- 
corded, as the enemy landed at Rottingdean, and a 
bold stand was made against the French by the 
watch and ward-men of this district. 

At the commencement of the war against France, 
by Henry 8th, anno 1513, we find all the maritime 
industry of Brighton suspended, and its buildings 
threatened with plunder and conflagration. Upon the 
failure of Sir Edward Howard's expedition against 
Brest, the French fleet sailed for the coast of Sussex, 
under the command of Admiral Pregent. He landed 
a party of men in the night time, who entered Brighton, 
plundered it of every thing valuable which they could 
remove, and set many houses on fire. The French 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 9 

re-embarked with their booty the next morning, before 
a force could be assembled to repel them. 

On the 19th of July, 1545, the French landed at 
Hove, with an intention to burn this town, but the 
beacons having been fired in time to alarm the country, 
a force was soon collected on the downs, sufficient to 
intimidate the invaders, who departed without having 
done any material mischief. 



Fortifications. 

Brighton, thus harassed by frequent attacks of an 
active enemy, the inhabitants resolved to erect fortifi- 
cations. At a court baron, held on the 27th Sep. 1 558, 
(1 Eliz.) the lords of the manor granted the inhabi- 
tants a parcel of land on the cliff, between Black Lion- 
street and Ship-street ; situated about 216 yards west- 
ward of the lower end of East- street, to build thereon a 
store-house for armour and ammunition, afterwards 
called the block -house. The walls of this fortress were 
about 8 feet in thickness, and 18 feet in height; it was 
circular, and measured 50 feet in diameter. Several 
arched apartments in its thick walls, were repositories 
for the powder and other ammunition for the defence 
of the town. In front of it towards the sea, was a 
little battery, called the Gun-garden, on which were 
mounted four pieces of large iron ordnance. Adjoining 
the block-house, on the east, stood the town house, 
with a dungeon under it for the confinement of male- 
factors. From the summit of this building rose a 

turret, on which the town clock was fixed. At the 

b5 



10 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

same time with the block-house were erected four 
gates of free stone, (three of which were arched,) 
leading from the cliff to that part of the town which 
lay under it, viz. 

The east gate, at the lower end of Eas>street ; 
and the portal, vulgarly mis-called the porter's gate. 
The middle gate, opposite the end of Middle-street ; 
and the west gate, which stood at the end of West- 
street. 

From the east gate, westward, there was, at the 
same time, a wall built about 15 feet high, and 400 
feet long, where the cliff was most easy of ascent ; and 
from the termination of that wall, a parapet, 3 feet 
high, was continued on the verge of the cliff to the 
west gate, with embrasures for cannon. 

The block-house was built at the expence of the 
town, but the gates and walls seem to be erected 
partly, if not wholly, at the expence of government. 

From 1545 to 1580, Brighton was safe from the 
attacks of the enemy, but in the latter year the in- 
habitants were much alarmed at the sight of a fleet 
of 50 sail, apparently waiting for a landing, and were 
supposed to be the Spanish armada. Lord Buckhurst, 
Lord Lieutenant of the county, mustered all his men 
on the brow of the hill between this place and Rotting- 
dean, to oppose the landing of the supposed enemy. 
The next morning a few boats ventured cut to sea to 
reconnoitre this fleet, and discovered that they were 
only Dutch merchantmen, detained by contrary winds. 
At the end of July, in the same year, the town 
was more justly alarmed at the Spanish armada. The 
inhabitants neglected no means in their power to de- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. U 

fend themselves. The shores of Sussex were lined 
with people when this tremendous armament passed 
in their view, pursued by the navy of England. 

The prosperity of the fishery was now on the de- 
cline. The frequent capture of their ships and boats had 
cramped their trade, and in 1699 the sea, by one of 
those unaccountable revolutions which deluge our 
coast, whilst its waters desert another, began to en- 
croach on the shores of Sussex, and, by its increasing 
alluvion had, previous to 1665, destroyed 22 copyhold 
tenements under the cliff. There still remained 113 
tenements, (shops, capstern places, stake places, and 
cottages,) which were finally demolished by the sea in 
the memorable storms of 1703 and 1705, and in the 
course of these encroachments the block-house, gun- 
garden, wall and gates, were gradually sapped, and 
at last so completely destroyed, that in the year 1761 
scarce any of their ruins could be discovered. 

On the 4th of March, 1818, as Mr. Izard, mer- 
chant of this town was ordering the excavation of the 
foundation of two houses on the West cliff, between 
Ship-street and Middle-street, the labourers discovered 
the walls of one of the streets under the cliff, which 
was overwhelmed by one of these terrible inundations 
of the sea. It was formerly called South-street. These 

remains appeared buried more than 15 feet with beach. 
b6 



12 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Escape of King Charles the Second. 

One of the most memorable circumstances in 
the annals of this town is the escape of Charles the 
"Second, from its shore to the Continent, in the year 
1651 . That prince who, after his defeat at Worcester, 
liad been wandering for near six weeks from one spot 
of secret refuge to another, in imminent danger, was 
conducted at last to the house of a Mr. Maunsell, at 
Ovingdean, by Lord Wilmot and Col. Gunter, whose 
name, being then common in the town, it is reason- 
able to suppose that he was a native of Brighton. At 
Ovingdean the king lay concealed for a few days, as 
local tradition still relates, within a false wall or par- 
tition, while his friends were contriving the best means 
for his escape to France. Among the mariners of 
Brighton they considered the most eligible person for 
their purpose was Nicholas Tetershall, master of a coal 
brig then moored before the town; and the event 
proved that they had not made a wrong estimate of 
his resolution and integrity. It was, however, their 
intention not to trust him with more of their secret 
than was indispensably necessary. They accordingly, 
through Mr. Maunsell, offered him a considerable sum 
for the passage of a few Cavaliers or Royalists, who 
were flying from the fury of the triumphant Republi- 
cans, and Tetershall, allured by the reward, and ac- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 13 

tuated perhaps by a generous sympathy for their 
cause and distress, engaged to convey them in safety 
across the channel. 

The next evening, the 14th of October, was fixed 
upon for their departure. Soon after night fall the 
king was conducted by his host over the hills from 
Ovingdean, and, in his wonted disguise, entered a 
little inn, in West-street, then called the George, 
where he and his companions were to wait for Teter- 
shall's notice for embarkation. But, to their great sur- 
prise and alarm, the master of the house, whose name 
was Smith, plainly indicated by his behaviour that he 
recollected the king's person. He, however, promised 
and observed the most honorable secrecy. 

Tetershall entered the room soon after, and, 
in like manner, instantly recognised his sovereign. 
His brig having a few years before been detained by a 
royal squadron in the Downs, on her way from New 
castle, she was released by order of Charles himself, then 
Prince of Wales; and his features seem to have 
made a deeper impression on the mind of Tetershall 
from that act of kindness, for he, in the same breath, 
intimated his knowledge of the royal person, and his 
determination to risk every thing for his safety. His 
brig was then half full of coals, and his sailors in a 
great measure disengaged from duty. In order there- 
fore to collect them without exciting any suspicion, he 
gave out that his vessel had broke from her moorings, 
and having by such means got hands enough on board, 



14 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

he signified to them his engagement in a secret ex- 
pedition, in which their assistance should not go un- 
rewarded. 

Matters thus prudently adjusted, he went ashore 
by himself, in order to get a bottle of aqua vitae, and 
to inform his wife that he should be absent for a few 
days. Curiosity urging the good woman to dive into 
the mystery of so sudden and unseasonable a departure, 
he was at last constrained by her importunity to reveal 
to her the nature of the service he had undertaken ; 
and she, with a fortitude and fidelity which reflects 
a lustre on her memory and her sex, earnestly ex- 
horted him to an honorable performance of his engage- 
ment with the illustrious fugitives. 

Tetershall returned on board, and about five o'clock 
the next morning set sail with a favorable wind. In 
the course of the day, as the king, who still remained 
in disguise, was sitting on the deck, one of the sailors 
stood close to windward of him smoking his pipe, and 
on being rebuked by the captain for making so free, 
retired, muttering, " truly a Cat may look at a King" 
but without being then aware how personally apposite 
the adage was. 

This voyage, undertaken with so much promptitude 
and courage, was as successful as it deserved to be. 
Without encountering the least obstruction or alarm, 
either from the weather, or the Republican cruizers, 
Charles and his companions safely landed in the after- 
noon at Fecamp in Normandy* 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 15 

The extent of Charles's bounty and gratitude to 
his preserver after the restoration is now unknown ; 
but that he was a court pensioner or expectant, in the 
year 1670 may be inferred. That year he was constable 
of Brighton, and his zeal as a bigot was manifested 
after the passing of an act against the religious meet- 
ings of non-conformists. 

In 167 1 , Tetershall, in consideration of his services, 
was appointed by James, Duke of York, (then Lord 
High Admiral of England,) Captain of the Royal 
Escape, as a fifth rate ; and the year ensuing the king 
granted the reversion of that sinecure to his son. 

The following is the patent for the reversion of 
the appointment. 

« Charles R. 
Whereas, our dear Brother, James, Duke of York, 
Lord High Admiral of England, hath, by his orders, dated 
the 4th of September last past, directed you to cause 
Captain Nicholas Tetershall to be borne in pay, together 
•with one servant, as Captain of our vessel called the Royal 
Escape; and that he should be allowed pay as Captain of 
a fifth- 1 ate ship, aud he and h s servant paid with the yard 
at Deptfoid; and whereas the said Nicholas Tetershall, 
hath humbly besought as to continue the said allowance unto 
his sou, Nicholas Tetershall, after his decease, in consider- 
ation of his faithful and fortunate service performed unto 
us, we have thought fit to condescend unto that bis re- 
quest. And it is accordingly our will and pleasure, that, 
after the decease of the said Nicholas Tetershall, the son 
he borne in pay, together with one servant, as Captain of 
our said vessel the Royal Escape; and that he be allowed 
pay as Captain of a fifth-rate ship j and he and his servant 



16 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

paid with the yard at Drptford, in the same manner as his 
father now is. Given at our Court at Whitehall, the 29th 
*>f August, 1672, in the four and twentieth year of our relgo. 
By His Majesty's Command, 

HENRY COVENTRY." 

•* To »he principal Officers and 

Commi c s" oners of our Navy, ^ 

now and for the time being." 

The Royal Escape was Tetershall's coal brig 
ornamented and enlarged. Soon after the restoration 
she was moored in the Thames opposite Whitehall, to 
receive the veneration of the multitude. But in some 
time after, when Charles became unpopular, she 
dropped down to Deptford, where she remained in a 
progressive state of decay until 1791, when her 
mouldering remains were broke up for fuel in one of 
the dock yards. 

Captain Tetershall died 20th of May, 1674, and 
Captain Nicholas Tetershall the younger in 1701, 
and they were buried in Brighton church-yard, where 
a monumental inscription eulogises his services. It 
was new lettered about 40 years ago, at the expence 
of Sir J. Bridger, Knt., one of his lineal descendants. 

We have endeavoured to trace out whether Smith 
was rewarded for his fidelity, but we cannot learn an in- 
stance of grateful recollection towards this person from 
Charles II; and it will appear remarkable that no 
notice was taken of Smith at the restoration. 

The name of the Inn was changed from the George 
to the King's Head Inn, upon the return of the monarch 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 17 

from exile. Smith appears to have made a considerable 
fortune by exhibiting the cooking implements, roast- 
ing-jack, &c. which king Charles had formerly em- 
ployed his time in using whilst incog at his house ; 
and by presents bestowed upon him by various noble- 
men as a reward for his loyalty. A few culinary 
articles are yet to be seen in the house, which, although 
it has undergone considerable modern repairs, still re- 
tains the corner where the king sat down. There is a fine 
original portrait of Charles II, by Sir Peter Lilly, in 
the possession of Mr. Eales, the present landlord, but 
he does not know how long it has been in the house. 



18 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



PART II. 

Present History — Soil — Climate — Description of 
the Tow?i by various Writers. 



Present History of Brightelmstone. 

IN tracing the rise and progress both of citie* 
and of towns, the historian has often to regret that 
their origin lies involved in obscurity. It has been a 
consideration of some importance, whether the indul- 
gence in conjectural observations should be allowed 
in the present instance, or whether it would not be 
better to confine ourselves to a plain statement, as 
more satisfactory to the reader than enlarging upon 
the opinions of fanciful antiquaries, who can discover 
in every trifling remain of antiquity an alliance of the 
particular neighbourhood to some considerable im- 
portance. The latter course is that which we shall 
prefer. In detailing the modern history of Brighton, 
we have not many difficulties to encounter. Its first 
establishment is satisfactorily ascertained, and reasons 
are assigned for its extent and celebrity. 

Of all the watering places in Great Britain, Brigh- 
ton is, both on account of the recency of its origin, the 
rapid increase of its population, and its primitive in- 
significance, compared with its present magnificence 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 19 

of buildings, entitled to peculiar contemplative at- 
tention. These are circumstances which will, in the 
course of our narrative, admit of abundant confirmation. 
In the midst of those considerations that ought to 
engage the narrator, in order to multiply the sources 
of rational enjoyment, we are anxious not to exceed 
the materials of useful information. 

Before we enter further upon our topographical 
delineations, we shall observe that our reasons for ex- 
punging the word Brightelmstone does not arise for 
want of due respect to its antiquated derivation, but 
from the general adoption of Brighton among all classes 
of society. In fact, the name of the town was gene- 
rally abbreviated into Brighton before the year 1700. 
It is nevertheless to be observed, that in all official 
papers, records, warrants, &c, Brightelmstone is 
invariably written. 



20 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Situation. 
The parish of Brighton, in the hundred of Whales- 
bone,* and annexed to the rape of Lewes,f is situated 
on that part of the coast which constitutes the south- 
east side of Sussex; built on an eminence which 
greatly declines towards the south-east, with a regu- 
lar slope to the Steyne ; and from thence rises with a 
moderate ascent to the eastward, along the cliff to a 

* Iu Doomsday book this hundred was called Wellesmore, 
but in process of time, most probably at the institution of 
constables under Edward I, the boroughs of Preston and 
Patcham were united to Brighton, aud composed a new hun- 
dred called Wellsbourne. The name seems evidently borrowed 
from a stream which still runs at times, nearly the whole 
length of that hundred. It rises near the end of Patcham, and] 
passing along the levels, near Brighton, by the Grand Parade, 
and opposite the Castle, it formed a large pool, and a 
rivulet run down the Steyne, by Mrs, Fitzherbert's house, 
and crossing Pool-lane entered the sea. Numbers of the in- 
habitants recollect this rivulet bursting out with so large a 
current, as to inundate the wide level to the north of the 
town ; and even the greatest part of the Steyne. For the par- 
ticulars of the diaining of this rivulet, see ariiclt Stfine. 

The parish of Brighton is divided into five manors, but 
they are so intermixed that the boundaries cannot be trared. 
The present Lords of the ma ■ or are Thomas Read Kemp, esq., 
and Charles Soase Dickeus, esq a reeve is paid to the Lords 
of the manor, which signifies rents or tithes. Th^ fishermen 
pay to it *ix mackarels each boat every time they return from 
mackarel fishing and have taken al ove too mackarel. 

fThe Saxon division of the county into rapes was strictly 
adhered to at the conquest. There are six rapes in Sussex, 
with their castles and respective baronies ; namely, Chichester, 
Arandel, Bramber, Lewes, Pevensey, and Hastings. j 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 21 

considerable distance. It is bounded on the north 
by the parish of Preston, on the east by the parishes 
of Ovingdean and Rottingdean, on the west by Hove, 
and on the south by the English Channel, and gives 
the name to a bay, in the shape of a half moon or 
crescent, in the centre of which stands the town; — the 
eastern horn terminating in that well known promon- 
tory, Beachy-head ; and on the west by the projection 
of land on which Worthing stands, and called by 
mariners Worthing-point. It is protected from the N. 
and N. E. winds by an amphitheatrical range of hills ; 
and on the west it has extensive corn fields, which 
slope from the Downs towards the sea. 

The hills around Brighton are of easy access, and 
they are covered with an agreeable verdure. From 
their summits may be seen some of the most pic- 
turesque and pleasing views of wild and cultivated 
nature that the imagination can fancy, over the ex- 
pansive weald of Sussex. Towards the sea there is 
an uninterrupted view from Beachy-head to the Isle of 
Wight. 

Brighton is distant from London, by Ryegate, 
53 miles ; by East Grinstead and Chailey, 57 miles ; 
by East Grinstead and Uckfield, 58 miles ; by Hen- 
field, 56 miles ; by Steyning and Horsham, 61 miles. 

The vicinity of Brighton to the metropolis, and 
its easy and pleasant communication with that wealthy 
and populous city, the superiority of the roads (im- 
proved of late years) over all others in Great Britain, 
which admits of an easy travelling intercourse in less 
than seven hours ; — the salubrity of its atmosphere, 



22 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

which is seldom obscured by fogs, and never to any nu- 
pleasant degree ; — the crystaline purity of its waters ; — 
the elegance and spaciousness of its accommodations, 
all unite to render this town one of the most popular 
watering places in the British empire. 



Soil. 

In this parish the soil is chalk and loam, covered 
with mould of sufficient depth and fertility to afford 
plentiful crops. On the hills about Brighton the soil 
varies in depth as its approaches the summit, consisting 
of a very shallow earth on a substratum of chalk, 
covered on a light stratum of vegetable calcerous 
mould, upon which grass grows spontaneously, inter- 
mixed with aromatic plants of various sorts. Being 
thus naturally dry, the heaviest rains that fall here 
seldom prevent the exercise of walking or riding for 
any length of time after they have ceased. Advancing 
down the hills the soil becomes more loamy. 

The Downs, which run from Chichester, eastward, 
as far as Eastbourne, are about 60 miles in length, and 
and they are called the South Downs properly, about 
Lewes. The sheep fed on these Downs collectively, 
(according to Young's survey) are, in summer 270,000 ; 
and, in winter 220,000. Upon the South Downs ex- 
clusively, sheep and lambs 180,000, and in winter 
120,000. 

South of these hills lies an extensive arable vale, 
of a singular fertility This district, extending from 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 23 

Brighton to Emsworth, 36 miles, is at first a very 
trifling breadth between here and Shoreham, The 
nature of this soil, which is unquestionably to be 
ranked amongst the finest in the island, is a rich loam, 
either upon a reddish bjick earth or gravel. 



Climate. 

The N. and N. E. winds being in a measure ex- 
cluded by the hills, the climate is very temperate, and 
exceedingly favorable to vegetation. The S. and 
S. W. winds which blow from these quarters three 
parts of the year, removes the density of the atmos- 
phere, and occasions the air to feel soft and light for 
respiration, and less impregnated with any pernicious 
particles. In the summer months we have observed 
that the air is constantly refreshed by a temper ating 
breeze, which almost invariably rises and falls with the 
sun ; and it is worthy of observation that the more 
excessive the heat, these light winds are cooling 
and refreshing, and are peculiarly congenial to the 
human constitution. 

In the winter it is remarkable what a warmth pre- 
vails over the atmosphere when these S. W. winds are 
moderate. However, the equinoxal gales in the au- 
tumn, winter, and spring of the year, are frequently 
so boisterous as to do considerable damage to vege- 
tation. These winds, when they are impregnated with 
saline particles, occasioned by the west wind beating 
the spray against the beach, destroy all hedges and 



24 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

trees in exposed situations. All the leaves, andjin 
general every thing that is green being turned brown. 
The hedges are cut by the spray on the side open to 
the wind, in the same manner as if it had been done 
artificially. 



Description of Brighton. 

Before entering upon the present state of this 
town, the introduction of the following letters will 
not be uninteresting. They will at least afford an 
innocent enjoyment to the curious, who wish to con- 
template upon the early infancy of this town, and 
compare these accounts, with regard to a reference, 
to point out its celebrity as a watering place. Under 
this impression we shall subjoin the two following 
letters, which are addressed by the Rev. William 
Clarke (grandfather of the celebrated traveller) to his 
friend Mr. Bowyer. 

Brighthdmstone, July 22, 1736. 
" We are now sunning ourselves upon the beach 
at Brighthelmstone, and observing what a tempting 
figure this Island made formerly in the eyes of those 
gentlemen who were pleased to civilize and subdue 
us. The place is really pleasant ; 1 have seen nothing 
in its way that outdoes it. Such a tract of sea ; such 
regions of corn ; and such an extent of fine carpet, 
that gives your eye the command of it all. But then 
the mischief is, that we have little conversation be- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 25 

sides the clamor nauticus, which is here a sort of 
treble to the plashing of the waves against the cliffs. 
My morning business is bathing in the sea, and then 
buying fish ; the evening is riding out for air, viewing 
the remains of old Saxon camps, and counting the 
ships in the road, and the boats that are trawling. 
Sometimes we give the imagination leave to expatiate 
a little ; — fancy that you are coming down, and that 
we intend next week to dine one day at Dieppe, in 
Normandy ; the price is already fixed, and the wine 
and lodging there tolerably good. But though we 
build these castles in the air, I assure you we live 
here almost under ground. I fancy the architects 
here usually take the altitude of the inhabitants, and 
lose not an inch between the head and the ceiling, 
and then dropping a step or two below the surface, 
the second story is finished something under 12 feet.* 
I suppose this was a necessary precaution against 
storms, that a man should not be blown out of his 
bed into New England, Barbary, or God knows where. 
But as the lodgings are low they are cheap ; we have 
two parlours, two bed chambers, pantry, 8$c. for 5s. 
per week ; and if you will really come down you need 
not fear a bed of proper dimensions .f And then the 
coast is safe ; the cannons all covered with rust and 
grass ; the ships moored, and no enemy apprehended. 
Come and see, 

* A few of these houses still remain as a sample in and 
About East-street. 

t Mr. Bo wyer was a short man. 
C 



26 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Nee tela-temeree 



Gallica, uec Pictuni tremeres nee littore toto 
Prospiceres dubiis ventura Saxona ventis ' 



My wife does not forget her good wishes and 
compliments upon this occasion. How you would 
surprise all your friends in Fleet-street, to tell them 
that you were just come from France, with a vivacity 
that every body would believe to be just imported 
from thence V 

Brightkelmstone, August, 1736. 

"We are now about taking our leave of that very 
variable element the sea. After it had smiled upon 
us for a month, it is at present so black and angry 
that there is no seeing or approaching it; it is all 
either fog or foam, and I truly pity every body who 
cannot fly from it. We had this morning some hopes 
of entertaining your society * with our discoveries upon 
the beach. The sea had thrown up a piece of old 
coin, grown green with salt water, but instead of an 
Otho's head it proved only a farthing of Charles I, and 
1 humbly nodded over it as one of the princes of the 
Mitre.f Pray let me know which way your researches 
run at present in this society. We have here a very 
crrriors old font, covered over with hieroglyphics, 
representing the two Sacraments, which rise in very 
bold but bad relievo's on each side of it.J" 

• The scciety of Antiquaries. 

fThe tavern where the society then held their meeting-. 
\ See a particular description of this font under the head 
Brighton Church. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 27 

The following is a description of Brighton by 
Dr. Coe> in 1766:— 

" Brighton is a small ill-built town, situated on 
the sea coast, at present greatly resorted to in the 
summer season, by persons labouring under various 
diseases, for the benefit of sea bathing and drinking 
sea water ; and by the gay and polite on account of 
the company which frequent it at this season. Until 
within a few years it was no better than a mere fishing 
town, inhabited by fishermen and sailors ; but through 
the recommendation of Dr. Russel, and his writings 
in favor of sea water, it has become one of the princi- 
pal places in the kingdom. It contains six principal 
streets,* five of which are parallel with each other, 
and are terminated by the sea, namely, East-street, 
Black-Lion-street, Ship-street, Middle- street, and 
North-street runs along the end of the other five, 
from the Assembly House, kept by Mr. Shergold, 
almost to the Church. There are Assembly Rooms 
at the Old Ship, kept by Mr. Hicks. 

" Besides the Church there are three other places 
of worship ; one for Presbyterians, another for Quakers, 
and a third for Methodists, which last is lately erected 
at the expence of the Countess of Huntingdon, adjoining 
her house, through which there is a communication. 

" The place on which the company walk in the 
evening is a large field, near the sea, called the Stean, 
which is kept in proper order for that purpose, and 
whereon several shops with piazzas and benches therein 
are erected, as is also a building for the music to per- 

•North-street, 

c2 



28 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

form in when the weather will permit. There is also 
a small battery towards the sea ; likewise a chaly- 
beate spring not much frequented." 

The following passages are extracted from the 
description of Brighton given by Dr. Relhan, who 
resided here after the decease- of Dr. Richard Russel, 
June, 1761 :— 

"The ancient name of Brighton is no way dis- 
coverable ; and the etymology of its modern one is 
very uncertain. 

" The bay is a bold and deep shore, exposed to 
the sea ; from the banks or cliffs a clean gravel runs 
to the sea, terminating in a hard sand. The soil 
here, and over all the South Downs, is a chalk rock, 
covered with earth of various kinds and depths in 
different places. The grass of this soil is interspersed, 
on the summit of the hills, with wild aromatic plants 
of different sorts, which might be easily increased, 
and to these, perhaps, may be ascribed the remarkably 
sweet flavor of the mutton; and by the culture of 
these aromatics might easily be procured a medicine, 
used with the greatest success in Wales, Scotland, 
and Ireland, and much wanted in the neighbourhood 
of London ; I mean goat's milk. 

" The country round Brighton is open and free 
from woods, and finely diversified with hills and 
valleys. There is every reason to believe that in the 
earliest times the situation of this town was in the 
highest estimation. The altars of the druids are no 
where to be seen in greater number. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 29 

" The town at present consists of six principal 
streets, many lanes, and some spaces surrounded with 
houses, called by the inhabitants squares. The great 
plenty of flint stones on the shore and in the neigh- 
bouring corn fields, enabled them to build the walls 
of their houses With that material, when in their most 
impoverished state. At present they ornament the 
windows and doors with the admirable brick which 
they burn for their own use. The town improves 
daily, as the inhabitants, encouraged by the late great 
resort of company, seem disposed to expend the whole 
of what they acquire, in erecting new buildings, or 
improving the old ones. Here are two public rooms, 
the one convenient, the other not only so, but elegant, 
(the Old Ship,) not excelled perhaps by any in Eng- 
land, that of York excepted. 

"The endemial or popular disorders of temperate 
people being the product of air and diet, the best 
proof of the healthfulness of the air of any place is 
deduced from the customary longevity of the inhabi- 
tants, and the rate of the bills of mortality. By the 
poor's rate of this parish, there are 400 families in 
Brighton ; each of these may be supposed to contain 
five souls, (the common calculation in England is six in 
a family,) and consequently the number of inhabitants, 
exclusive of those supported in the work-house, who, 
at a medium, amounted to 35, may be estimated 
at 2000. 

" In seven years, beginning with 1753, and in- 
cluding 1752, the baptisms were 388, and the burials 
c3 



30 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

227 ; so that the baptisms were annually to the deaths, 
nearly as five to three. This calculation includes the 
dissenters, but not their baptisms. 

" But as the dissenters are nearly a-tenth of the 
whole, I may be allowed to add to the number of 
baptisms 35 for the seven years, which is five annually, 
and nearly a-tenth, and makes the whole of the bap- 
tisms 423 to 227 burials. By this the baptisms are 
annually to the deaths, as 60 to 32, which is nearly 
two births to one death. In London there is annually 
a death in every 32 persons, which is nearly two to 
one in favor of Brighton." 

The town is supplied with water from a variety of 
wells. The greater part of them, which are near the 
shore, suffer in limpidity and taste at the flowing of 
every tide.* The water most esteemed by the in- 
habitants is drawn from a well in the middle of North- 
Street; and that preferred by the company is obtained 
at the Castle Tavern. These waters answer every 
domestic purpose of life extremely well, and as the 
qualities of springs of any place have been, from the 
time of Hippocrates to this day, looked upon as a 
mark of those of the air, the sweetness and goodness 
of spring water here, may, with propriety, be esteemed 
a corroborating proof of the healthfulness of the air of 
this town. 

• It is curious that some of these wells rise as the tide 
declines, and are nearly empty at high water. Perhaps there 
is not a town in the kingdom supplied with better water that* 
Brighton.— Edit. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 31 

With regard to the sea water at this place, it 
appears by experiments, that in summer, (weather 
tolerably dry,) there are, in every pint of it, at least 
five drachms and fifteen grains of depecated salt; 
about five of bittern, or a decomposed earth, attracting 
humidity from the air ; and six grains of white cal- 
cerious earth. This proportion of clean contents, 
being nearly a twenty-third of the whole, is as great, 
or perhaps greater, than is to be found in the sea 
water of any other port in England, and must be ow- 
ing to its peculiar distance from rivers, it being 
further from such, I apprehend, than any other sea 
port in England." 



c4 



32 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



PART III. 

The Town, and its Divisions. — Pavilion. — Steyne. — 
Marine Parade. — Crescent. — Dorset-gardens. — St. 
Jameses-street. — North Steynes. — West Cliff. — New 
Work House. — Gas Lights. — Botanic Gardens. — 
Intended Improvements. 



The Town. 

BRIGHTON, including its various modern ad- 
ditions and improvements, is of a quadrangular form, 
the streets intersecting each other at right angles. 
Flint-stones gathered from the beach, cemented with 
mortar, were the common materials used in these 
buildings, with brick- work round the doors and win- 
dows. Walls thus formed are very strong, but their 
appearance is rather inelegant. Of late years the 
new mansions and houses have introduced a modern 
style of architectural design, and now we observe a 
tasteful display of buildings in every direction. 

As we have described the fatal inundation of the 
lower town in 1699 — 1705; our next object will 
be to point out the boundaries of Brighton in its infant 
years. West-street formed its western boundary, as 
did East-street the eastern. North-street formed the 
extremity in that part of the town. Most of the 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 33 

ground now occupied by Black- Lion-street and Ship- 
street, and in the intermediate space, were, even for 
some time after East and West-streets were built, 
plots or gardens, for the production of hemp for the 
use of the fishermen of the town. In process of time, 
as population increased and the sea made encroach- 
ments on the lower town, two streets began to be 
erected on the scite of these hemp gardens, which were 
called from the signs of their Inns, Ship-street and 
Black- Lion-Street. 

In order to assist the visitor in his remarks upon 
the rapid increase of the town, we shall take the 
period when it become fashionable by the residence 
of his Royal Highness the Regent, to insert a list of 
the streets and squares of Brighton, with the number 
of houses in each, as surveyed in 1770 and 1794. — 

1770 1794 * 

Old Houses. New Houses. Total. 

North-street 88 .... 62 .... 150 

Bond-street ... 32 .... 32 

Church-street ... ... 34 .... 34 

King-street — .... 51 ... ♦ 51 

Air-street 6 .... 11 .... 17 

East-street, including 7 g Q ^ ^ . .37. . . .117 

Castle- square ) 

Pool and Steyne • • • 12 .... 68 .... 80 

Steyne-street .... — .... 15 ... . 15 

Manchester-street •• — .....6«... 6 

Carried over .. 196 ... 297 .... 483 



34 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

1770 1694 

Old Houses. New Houses. Total. 
Brought forward . 196 . . . 297 . . . -483 

Charles-street ... ... 19 ... . 19 

Broad-street ... 22 .... 22 

York-street ... 20 ... . 20 

Margaret-street • • ... 12 ... . 12 

Mount-street • • • • — • • • • 9 • • • . 9 

New-steine — .... 17 ... . 17 

Rock-buildings .... — ....5-... 5 
East-cliff and Lane • • 58 .... 19 .... 77 
Brighton-place . . . . 50 * ... 16 .... 66 
Black-Lion-street . • . 62 .... 15 .... 77 

Ship-street 70 .... 4 .... 74 

Middle-street .... 67 .... 13 .... 80 

West-street 95 .... 51 .... 146 

Russel-street • • • ... 78 ... • 78 

Artillery-place • • • .... 17 ... . 17 

Total ..... 598 ... 623 .. . 1221 

The reader having a guide for observation, we 
can more explicitly draw the attention in giving a 
description of the extended buildings, by dividing 
the town into three divisions; the old town being 
detailed. 



East Division. 

From the Steyne to the Crescent and to the north- 
ward, only two houses were built in 1772, namelv 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 35 

the old Library house, where now stands Donaldson's, 
and a neat cottage-house in German-place, now the 
residence of Mr. Paul Hewitt, wine merchant. 



West Division. 

In 1775 the foundation of houses in Russel-street 
was first laid, and the proprietors so named it after 
Dr. Russel, in commemoration of his important ser- 
vices to the town. Before that period scarcely a 
house was standing beyond West-street. 



North Division. 

A few houses, called North-row, with the King 
and Queen Inn, constituted the whole of the build- 
ings in that direction. The Pavilion will be described 
as a separate article. 

It is amusing to hold a conversation with some 
of the old inhabitants of this town; to them its present 
appearance cannot fail to be a subject of admiration. 
It must also remind the intelligent observer of those 
wonders which decorate eastern story; where, by the 
waving of a wand, the magician conjures up scenes 
adapted to overwhelm the spectator with astonish- 
ment. 

c6 



36 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

The Pavilion. 

The greatest ornament to Brighton is the marine 
residence of the Prince Regent, to whose liberal 
patronage the town is indelibly indebted for its pros- 
perity. In the year 1782 his Royal Highness (then 20,) 
paid a visit to his illustrious uncle, the Duke of Cum- 
berland ; in the following year the visit was repeated, 
when the Prince chose Brighton for his summer resi- 
dence. The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough had 
purchased a house for their summer recreation, which 
now bears that name. The house near Marlborough- 
mansion, belonging to the late Thomas Kemp, esq., 
was occupied and subsequently purchased by his 
Royal Highness. 

In 1784 the erection of the Pavilion was first 
commenced, and completed in 1787. It then con- 
sisted of a circular building, crowned with a dome, 
raised on stone pillars, and a range of apartments on 
each side, and from its eastern front commanding a 
very fine view of the Steyne and sea. In 1793 his 
Royal Highness and the Duke of Marlborough (whose 
house stood, at the north end of the Marine Pavilion,) 
made a spacious large sewer along the Steyne, for 
carrying off a stream, which flowed occasionally 
from the level, north of the town, and sometimes, as 
we have before observed, burst out with so large a 
current as to inundate the Steyne, and forming a wide 
ditch across the level, by the Castle Tavern, emptied 
itself into the sea. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 37 

In consideration of the great expence of this most 
important improvement, the lords of the manor, with 
consent of the homage, gave his Royal Highness and 
the Duke permission to rail in or enclose a certain 
portion of the Steyne adjoining their houses respec- 
tively ; but never to build or encumber it with any 
thing that might obstruct the prospect, or be any way 
a nuisance to the Steyne. 

In 1800 his Royal Highness the Regent purchased 
the whole of the Pavilion property from Mr. Weltjie. 
Until 1801 no particular improvements at the Pavilion 
were undertaken. His Royal Highness having that 
year made a purchase of the Grove Elm-gardens, the 
shrubberies and pleasure-grounds of the Duke of Marl- 
borough, which the London road intersected, by run- 
ning in the rear of the Pavilion, the inhabitants of the 
town gave his Royal Highness permission to enclose 
the old road, and accordingly its course was turned 
up Church-street and along the New road, at his own 
expence. By this alteration the grounds became united. 
The Grove-gardens was formerly a public promenade 
and the resort of tea parties. 

In 1802 further additions were made to the 
Pavilion, by additional wings which more completed 
the proportions of the structure, presenting an uni- 
formity which was wanting before, having a handsome 
sea front extending 200 feet. The ground towards the 
Steyne was also laid out with great taste. 

In 1803 his Royal Highness purchased the shops 
in Castle- square, adjoining the old stables, an acqui- 



38 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

sition which has rendered his Royal Highnesses terri- 
tory more compact. 

In 1815 — 6 the Prince Regent purchased from 
the lords of the manor a piece of land to the north of 
Marlborough-house, extending to the angle of Church- 
street, and enclosed it with a flint wall, ornamented 
with a low ^palisading. This piece of waste was also 
planted with shrubs, and laid out in grass plats, 
walks, &c, which add considerably to the rural 
beauties of the enclosures. 

In 1814 the Prince Regent purchased Marl- 
borough-house, which now forms part of the Pavilion ; 
the same year the houses and shops on the north 
side of Castle-square, and the wiiole of the old stables 
and coach-houses between the south side of the Pa- 
vilion, and terminating* in a line with the bottom of 
North-street, were pulled down, in order to construct 
a range of domestic offices. 

In 1817 the whole of the elegant range of build- 
ings called Marlborough-row, were purchased by the 
Prince Regent, and enclosed as far as the north gates. 
It was intended to take the alignment as far as the 
angle of Church-street, to unite with the stables, but 
the opposition of the proprietor of the blacksmith's 
shop, (a low and disgraceful building,) to more than a 
four-fold compensation for the premises, has, for the 
present, terminated the improvements at the north 
entrance. 

These various enclosures of land have enlarged 
the extent of the Prince Regent's property to a very 
agreeable plantation, occupying more than 7 acres, 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 39 

interspersed with gravel walks, grass plats, &c. which 
gives a finished appearance to the whole. 

The visitor will be somewhat at a loss to con- 
jecture the cause of the barren aspect of the Downs, 
which is deprived of forest scenery, from a prevailing 
notion that timber will not thrive within the influence 
of the sea breezes, when, in the Pavilion enclosures, 
there are numerous trees of large growth. Another 
circumstance will attract his attention, that in these 
enclosures there is a large and picturesque rookery. 
These birds are said, by natural historians, not only 
to feed and fly in flocks, but to build also in society; 
which it is alledged they regulate by a complete sys- 
tem of jurisprudence. They seem, indeed, to have 
some idea of separate property. No one is allowed 
to carry off the materials from another's nest; and 
every crime against the peace of the community is 
punished with severity ; the delinquent is attacked by 
those who are invested with authority; he is by them 
chastised according to the nature of his offence, and 
sometimes banished the commonwealth. 

Another naturalist observes, that "among all the 
sounds of animal nature, few are more pleasing than 
the cawing of rooks. The rook hath but two or three 
notes, and when he attempts a solo we cannot praise 
his song, but when he performs in concert, which is 
his chief delight, these notes, although rough in them- 
selves, being intermixed with those of the multitude, 
have, as it were, all their rough edges worn off, and 
become harmonious, especially when softened in the 
air, where the bird chiefly performs. When the whole 



40 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

colony is roused by the discharge of a gun we hear 
this music in perfection." 

No apology will be deemed necessary for the in- 
troduction of these remarks ; they may serve to 
increase our admiration of the wisdom and goodness 
of the Deity, displayed through every part of his wide 
extended creation. 

We have given an outline of the different ad- 
ditions of land, which, from time to time, have im- 
proved the royal domains. Our next object is to 
notice the disposal of the buildings. 

The spot of ground formerly known by the name 
of the Promenade-grove, is laid out in flower-gardens 
and a beautiful green-house ; on the north side of 
which there is erected a truly magnificent range of 
buildings, and they may be reckoned among the 
capital improvements for which Brighton is indebted 
to his Royal Highness; — these are the royal Stables, 
surmounted by a stupendous dome, within 20 feet of 
that of St. Paul's, the metropolitan church, and 
crowned with a cupola. The centre of the building, 
which supports the dome, is circular, containing a 
spacious reservoir of water for the use of the stables 
which surround it. In this circular area the doors of 
various stables open, comprising 62 stalls; namely, 
38 for hunters, and other saddle horses. Somewhat 
elevated is a gallery, which leads to the several 
apartments occupied by the servants belonging to 
these princely stables. The circumference of this 
spacious building is 250 feet. On the west side 
is an extensive Riding-school, 200 feet long, and 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 41 

50 broad; and to the eastward of the dome it is in- 
tended to finish a beautiful Tennis-court. 

There are two grand entrances to the stables, the 
one is from Church-street, through a lofty archway, 
which enters into a spacious square court, containing 
the coach-houses, carriage-horse-stables, servant's offi- 
ces, &c; a similar archway leads to the circular 
dome, opposite to which is a corresponding entrance 
into the Pavilion lawn. On the east and west side of 
the circle there are similar arches, which have their 
entrance into the riding-school and tennis-court. The 
exact construction of these spacious archways to the" 
points of the compass, the whole range of stables re- 
ceive a proper ventilation, and preserve a temperature 
in the warmest summer days, that the external cover- 
ing of the towering dome with lead and glass, does 
not appear to promise. 

These buildings, which are most decidedly the 
most magnificent erected in Europe for such a purpose, 
were built under the direction of Mr. Porden, in 1808, 
after the eastern style of architecture. 

During the years 1815, — 16, and — 17, the Pa- 
vilion has been undergoing a series of alterations, 
additions, and improvements, and the architectural 
designs in contemplation are not yet completed. For 
this reason it would be premature to detail the plan 
by anticipation, and it is impossible to do adequate 
justice to this royal edifice, which will, in the course 
of two years, present a magnificence deserving the 
appellation of a palace, worthy the residence of the 



42 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

illustrious proprietor ; we shall, therefore, in the con- 
tinuance of our remarks, merely confine ourselves to 
the latest improvements. 

In 1814, Marlborough-house being connected 
with the royal edifice, a suite of apartments were added 
on the north side which had been much required. It 
is useless to give a description of this range of building, 
as it will shortly come down, in order to give place 
for further improvement to the Pavilion. 

In 1815 a grand entrance-hall to the west, which 
opens into the pleasure grounds, was built under a porti- 
co of the Doric order. In the course of the same year 
a considerable number of artists were employed in finish- 
ing the embellishments of the interior apartments. 

The family part of the house and domestic offices 
being still too small for the accommodation of the 
servants, his Royal Highness added another wing, to 
correspond with the house late Mr. Weltjie's, and, in 
1816, the old range of Pavilion stables, coach-houses, 
shops, &c. to the south were pulled down, and on 
their scite are erected the new kitchen, and a complete 
range of culinary offices, terminating in the fine sub- 
stantial building on the north side of Castle-square, 
designed for the apartments of the Steward of the 
household, the officers attached to his department, and 
bed chambers for the royal establishment. 

It may reasonably be expected that in the con- 
struction of these offices for the culinary department, the 
plan of the architect has been directed to their con- 
venience and communication. In the furnishing of 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 43 

the kitchen and other offices, every modern improve- 
ment to facilitate the process of the culinary art has 
been introduced in all its boasted perfection. It is 
not exceeding the faithful observation of a narrator, 
in stating that the recency of the above alterations 
forms one part of the most useful and convenient ap- 
pendages to a mansion that is to be seen in the 
British empire. The circular building, which stands 
in the centre of the court-yard, contains a large reservoir 
at the top, which is constantly filled with fresh water 
from the engine-house underneath, and supplies that 
necessary article to the kitchen, the steam boilers, the 
scullery, and, in short, throughout the whole of this 
spacious structure. The ingenuity and contrivance 
displayed in the construction of the various stoves, 
ovens, boilers, and particularly the steam table in the 
centre of the kitchen, with the multiplicity of conduct- 
ing pipes to throw on and carry off the waste water, 
is an admirable specimen of mechanical invention, 
deserving the high encomiums which the foreign 
Princes, Ambassadors, and principal of the nobility 
who have examined the whole machinery, have ex- 
pressed towards the introduction of these mechanical 
improvements by Mr. Slarke. The steam apparatus 
for cooking is the most complete and successful in- 
vention ; from one boiler, which is heated at the back 
of the kitchen fire, the steam is conducted to any ex- 
tent, and hot water at the same time supplied to those 
offices, where the consumption is required by mean* 
ef collateral conveying pipes. 



44 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

From the entrance in Castle-square, a spacious 
communication runs in a parallel line to tlie northern 
extremity of this seat of royalty. 

In 1817 the most splendid additions to the Pa- 
vilion were undertaken, and these are the two wings to 
the north and south, covered with pagoda towers, ter- 
minating in a conical point, with stone pedestals ; 
from their base to the top is 130 feet high. The 
architecture of these towers excite the attention of the 
observer, from their inversion from the roof in a 
spheriodical elevation ; they are covered over with a 
thin plate of iron, and afterwards a coating of Mihl 
composition, which adds to the durability of these 
ornamental designs. 

The pagoda to the south, contiguous to the 
new kitchen, will be the dining room ; it is 72 feet 
long, and 50 in width, and, to the covered ceiling, it is 
40 feet in heighth. This dining room is receiving its 
embellishments, and when finished it will exceed, in 
splendor of decoration and furniture, all the rooms in any 
palace of Europe, appropriated for a banquetting 
room. 

The north pagoda is equal in dimensions to the 
south, and this beautiful building is the concert room ; 
there is a recess in the north part, of an additional ten 
feet, destined for the erection of an elegant and beauti- 
ful toned organ, built by Mr. Lincoln, which will be 
fixed up at the latter end of this year, (1818.) The 
first time the concert and music room was used, com- 
menced about the middle of last January, with a series 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 45 

of performances by the Prince Regent's private band 
of instruments, from the music of Mozart, Handel, 
Bethoven, and other celebrated composers. In the 
construction of this superb room, every attention was 
paid by the architect to combine the harmony of the 
music in its perfect equilibriums of tone produced by 
each instrument. His Royal Highness perceived that 
the too great elevation of the ceiling somewhat de- 
stroyed the combination and vibration of sound, 
in order to obviate this defect a few trifling alter- 
ations have been deemed necessary, which are forth- 
with undertaken, and there remains no doubt, that, 
under the refined and accomplished taste of the 
Prince Regent, the Pavilion music room will attain 
the ackme of scientific proportions of combination 
and sound from the different instruments. The royal 
band of musicians consist of the first professors of the 
science, and their performances are rarely to be equalled 
in this country. 

Having detailed the progressive improvements of 
the Pavilion, the reader will expect that we should 
give a minute description of the internal beauties and 
embellishments of this delightful residence. In the 
present state of this royal palace it is impossible to 
do justice to the magnificence of the taste and style 
displayed in the principal apartments. We have al- 
ready observed that the dining and concert rooms, at 
the time of our publication, remain in an unfinished 
state, and we urge this as an apology for avoiding 
every inaccuracy in giving an account of splendid 



46 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

decorations and furniture rooms, because the Pa- 
vilion is undergoing enlargements, the real extent of 
which it is impossible to anticipate. In another year 
it is likely to be in such a state of completion, as to al- 
low the narrator to give an authentic description, which 
will display the splendor that cultivated taste and 
refined art can produce, suitable to the grandeur of an 
edifice promising to be an ornament to the archi- 
tecture, and a specimen of the superiority of the arts 
and manufactures of Great Britain. 

This explanation of our motives, in declining 
giving a defective and incomplete description of the 
interior of the Pavilion, will be more satisfactory, when 
we assure the reader that we are promised the accurate 
report of the improvements and embellishments upon 
their completion. 

The intended improvements in embryo, consist of 
the elevation of the dome of the Pavilion, the re- 
building of Marlborough-house to correspond with 
other parts of the structure, The greater part of 
the Castle Tavern, being the property of the Prince 
Regent by purchase, at the expiration of the remaining 
lease, those premises are likely to come down, in order 
to open the front view on the Steyne, and the ocean, 
and to obtain a sufficient space for the architectural 
designs in contemplation. A handsome tower, with . 
a clock and turret, is intended to be erected on the 
south side. The whole range of the Pavilion buildings 
will be fronted with mastic composition. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 47 

The Steyne. 

The fashionable promenade, denominated the 
Steyne, extends in a serpentine direction on the 
eastern part of the town, and it is unrivalled for the 
beauty of its lawn, and the crowds of nobility and 
gentry which assemble on it every evening. 

It is stated that this promenade derived its name 
from the Roman way called Stane-street; but this 
supposition is the conjecture of fancy, for we find in 
the ad Decimun of Richard of Cirencester, in his 15th 
Iter, that the Roman western road, called Stane-street, 
commenced at the east gate of Chichester, and taking 
a northern direction pursued its course to Bignor-hill, 
within a few furlongs of the Roman pavements of a 
villa, discovered in 1811. After passing Bignor, the 
direction it took was through Hardham to Pulborough, 
It has been further traced to Woodcote, Dorking 
church-yard, to London, which is now distinguished 
by the name of West Ermine-street ; it is therefore 
impossible to attribute its name to this Roman road. 

Before the late inroads of the sea, the Steyne was 
skirted, or edged on that side by chalk rocks, and 
from that circumstance received its name. Stein, or 
Steen, a rock, in tue imported language of the Flemish 
emigrants, was then a proper denomination for this 
verdant margin of a chalky cliff. How it came to be 
called Steyne, must be attributed to fashion. 

Fifty years ago it was called Stein Field, and 
nothing more than common waste land, indiscrimi- 
nately used by the inhabitants for the repository of 



48 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

heavy jgoods, sale of coals, boatbuilding, net mak- 
ing, &c. From the gradual slope of the hills to the 
Steyne, a large pool of water, collected on the spot 
near where the Castle Tavern is situated, and run- 
ning down the east side of East-street, emptied it- 
self into the ocean in Pool-lane, adjoining the White 
Horse Inn, in which state it remained until the year 
1793, when an immense sewer was erected under the 
north level, to carry off the waters accumulating from 
the springs to the north-east, and in the town and 
neighbourhood, at the sole expence of the Prince Regent 
and Duke of Marlborough. The Steyne was levelled 
and enclosed, and, as the company invariably prome- 
naded in this field, the nuisances gradually disappeared. 
The Steyne is 660 yards in circumference, divided 
into north and south, as the thoroughfare for passen- 
gers from Castle-square to St. James's-street intersects 
the lawn east to west. 

In 1785-6 the first houses on the South Parade 
began to be erected. The Library was first car- 
ried on by Mr. Thomas, afterwards by Mr. Dulow, 
who was succeeded by Mr. James Gregory, and, 
lastly, by Mr. Donaldson, the present proprietor, who 
pulled down the old building, and, in 1806, erected 
the present edifice, the dimensions and beauty of 
which are an ornament to the lawn, and not to be 
surpassed by any structure devoted to a similar pur- 
pose in the kingdom. In the course of a few years 
the South as well as the North parades were finished, 
presenting a range of buildings conspicuous for their 
modern elegance. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 4» 

On the west side of the Steyne there is an 
elegant mansion, built by the late Right Hon. G. W. 
Hamilton, Esq., formerly M. P. for Haselmere. This 
building consists of an elegant hall in the centre, 
20 feet by 18. On the right side of the hall is a 
superb dining room, 34 feet 6 inches by 24 feet 6. 
The hall and dining room are beautifully stuccoed 
and painted ; the front is finished with artificial stone, 
and looks extremely handsome. The whole building 
is indeed justly admired for its elegance of architec- 
ture, as uniting simplicity with true grandeur. This 
mansion was the residence of the late Lady Ann 
Murray, whose benevolence in this town will never be 
obliterated from the memory of the poor. Her Lady- 
ship's dying, in 1817, the house has been subsequently 
purchased by Mr. Harrington, an extensive distiller 
at Brentford, Middlesex. 

Adjoining to the last-mentioned mansion stands 
a very handsome house, built for Mrs. Fitzherbert, in 
1804 ; the style of the architecture is extremely neat, 
and reflects great credit on the well-known taste of 
the fair owner. The grand entrance-hall, and the 
whole suite of apartments are classically painted in 
buff and white. The staircase to the first landing is 
single, from whence it branches off to the right and 
left, to a beautiful drawing room, from whence folding 
doors open into the library, sitting and dressing rooms. 
The whole interior is fitted up and furnished in a 
superb and elegant style : in fact, the offices are 
numerous and well planned, and forms a desirable 



50 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

residence. The exterior of the house is fronted with 
a stone colour ; tlie balconies and virandas are painted 
two greens, stone colour, and white. 



Marine Parade. 

From the south-east angle of the Steyne this 
delightful range of capital modern houses, which over- 
look the sea, and command an extensive line of 
coast are situated. The fine moderate ascent of the 
eastern cliffs in this direction has been an additional 
recommendation to this spot for building, and, within 
the last two years, every vacant plot of land has been 
purchased, and nearly the whole covered with elegant 
mansions. Rock-house, the property of Robert Bur- 
nett, esq. erected in the year 1788, and which stands 
between the New Steine and Rock-buildings, was the 
first house of any magnitude on this cliff, since which 
period it has become distinguished for its fashion- 
able preference. This house was formerly a tobac- 
conist's shop, the property of the late Mr. John Smith, 
of this town. The house was considerably enlarged 
and improved by the late Sir Robert Burnett. It is 
considered a most charming mansion. The Marine 
Parade now joins the Royal Crescent, which at pre- 
sent forms the eastern entrance into Brighton. 

The Marine Parade is likewise built on a scale of 
uniformity, and whenever the prejudices of some of 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 5) 

the proprietors of these mansions concede a part of 
the inclosed plots of ground in front of their premises, 
in order that the irregularity of the promenade should 
be obviated, there is little hesitation in pronouncing 
the Marine Parade capable of forming one of the finest 
and most agreeable esplanades in Great Britain, In- 
deed, the plan has been adopted at the Crescent, where 
the road has been widened, and a broad pavement 
of Yorkshire stone, adds a considerable ornamental 
promenade, which we understand the Commissioners 
intend to carry on until its junction with the Steyne. 
This is undoubtedly one of the contemplated improve- 
ments of the first importance to the celebrity of the 
town, and the prosperity of the neighbourhood. 

Upon the Marine Parade there is another Steyne 
(the New) which has a delightful view of the Downs 
to the north, as well as the sea to the south. The 
Rock Gardens also promises the advantage of a lawn, 
and prospects equally desirable. 

The streets running parallel to the cliffs, and to 
the south of Marine Parade, are all of modern erec- 
tion, and they now form a considerable part of 
Brighton The principal are, Manchester-street, 
Charles-street, Broad-street, German-place, Mar- 
garet-street, Camelford-street, Steyne-street, Bed- 
ford-street, &c. 

In 1793, opposite German-place, there was a bat- 
tery of four pieces of cannon, erected for the protec- 
tion of the coast, in apprehension of an invasion by 
the new republic of France ; but in 1803 it was taken 
d 2 



52 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

down as an unnecessary defence. The only battery 
remaining is on the west cliff, which is never used. 

A new street is marked out above the Marine 
Cottage, to be called Charlotte-street, which is to be 
built upon a scale of magnificence, agreeable to a plan 
exhibited at Donaldsons library. Another street, to 
be called Clarence-street, near to Mrs. Lamotte's man- 
sion, is now building. 



The Royai Crescent 

Is a noble pile of buildings, including fourteen 
elegant houses, and commanding very beautiful land 
and sea views. The houses are large, lofty, and fur- 
nished with bow windows. They were completed in 
the year 1807, and at that time were distant more 
than 500 yards from the Marine Parade. In front is 
an iron railing, with handsome gates at each extre- 
mity, and a grass plat in the centre, between which 
and the houses there is an excellent walk paved with 
stone, and a good carriage road. 

A statue of the Prince of Wales, by Rossi, 7 feet 
high, on a pedestal 1 1 feet high, was, in the year 1802, 
placed in front of the Royal Crescent. The Prince is 
represented as dressed in his regimental uniform, 
with his arm extended towards the sea. This statue 
cost upwards of £300. The likeness is not consi- 
dered very striking, and since it has been injured by 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 53 

the loss of one of the arms, it is not even deemed a 
pleasing ornament. 

Opposite the Crescent there is cut a zig-zag flight 
of steps, which lead down the cliffs to the beach. A 
similar accommodation was undertaken opposite the 
New Steyne and Charles-street, for the use of its in- 
habitants. 

Northward from the Crescent are several new 
streets, such as Crescent-street, Upper Rock-gar- 
dens, &c. the latter containing a row of well-built 
and commodious lodging houses. 

East Lodge, the mansion of the Earl of Egremont, 
is situated opposite to the Upper Rock gardens. 
The situation commands an excellent combination of 
land and sea views 

Proceeding down St. James's-street, near the 
Steyne Hotel, is Devonshire-place, another newly 
erected range of handsome buildings. 

Among the recent improvements of Brighton, the 
handsome row of uniform houses, denominated Dor- 
set-gardens, deserves to be particularised. In front 
is an extensive well planned garden, where two octa- 
gonal temples ornament the pleasure ground. To 
those who wish for quiet, and can enjoy the charms 
of nature, this is a delightful retreat. The gardens 
were laid out, and the houses completed, in 1804. 
They were commenced in 1801, by Mr. Levy, and the 
ground was purchased from Dr. Hall. 



d 3 



54 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



St. James's Street. 

Within a few years this street has become the 
fashionable mart for business, and may be denomi- 
nated the Bond-street of Brighton ; many of the shops 
being furnished in a style of elegance equal to those 
in the metropolis, and from the number of excellent 
streets running parallel into it from each side, the 
trade carried on has become considerable. 

The visitor has only to view the inverted cottage 
appearance of Mr. Hewitt's residence in German- 
place, built in 1782 ; and from that spot the in- 
numerable number of houses, bounding to the east 
and to the west, (as far as the Steyne) and to the 
north-east, have all been raised from their founda- 
tions subsequent to that recent date. 

Four new tenements, with shops, will be observed 
at the bottom of this street, built by Mr. Saunders, 
of this town, in 1818, designed by Mr. W. Mackie, 
architect of Great Charlotte-street, Blackfriars-road, 
which- are much admired. 



North Division. 

Pursuing our divisions of the town it is necessary 
to observe, that the North-row, commencing from the 
King and Queen Inn, constituted the whole of the 
buildings to the north. As recent a date as the year 
1795, this district, more commonly known as the Level, 
was generally covered with water; but since the main 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 55 

sewer was laid, this part of the town was drained, and 
instead of a barren waste, it now displays a variety of 
the most handsome edifices, erected in Marlborough- 
place, the North-buildings, Glocester-place, York- 
place, and Trafalgar-place, on one side ; and the Pa- 
vilion-parade, Grand-parade, Carlton-place, Sussex- 
place and Terrace, Richmond-place, &c. on the 
other. 



The North Steyxes. 

In 1817, a plan was adopted for the employment 
of the poor, by enclosing the waste level at the London 
entrance into the town. For the accomplishment of 
the design, a considerable subscription was raised 
among the proprietors of houses and tenements in the 
neighbourhood of the contemplated improvements. 
His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was a liberal 
donor of 500 guineas. Little progress was made last 
year, except building a dwarf wall, with a stone 
coping. In the spring of 1818, these improvements 
have been carried on with alacrity. A very handsome 
iron pallisading now ornaments the dwarf wall, with 
grand entrances at the north, south, east, and west. 
The Steyne adjoining the Pavilion will be named in 
honour of the illustrious Patron of the town. It is a 
circular inclosure of more than 500 yards. On the 
outside of the pallisades, a very handsome foot-path 
is made, whilst the carriage drive is remarkably wide. 
This piece of land was so barren and full, of flint 
d 4 



56 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

stones, that a prodigious .portion of manual labour has 
been required to level, clear, and open the ground ; of 
course many men have been employed to bring this 
dreary spot into some order for a design. Mr. Fur- 
rier, gardener to the Prince Regent, undertook the 
task, and at the period of our publication (May) we 
are enabled to form some estimate of the good taste 
and science which have been adopted in perfecting 
this most admirable undertaking. A border and 
barge, 15 feet wide, will be raised from the wall, after 
which, a fine gravel promenade walk, 20 feet wide, is 
carried all round. Three raised clumps are formed, 
•ne in the centre, and one at each end, which are sur- 
rounded with grass plats. These clumps will be 
planted with trees, shrubs, and flowers. The Earl of 
Chichester has most liberally offered the gift of sup- 
plying this plantation with trees from his nursery. 
This Steyne will be opened for the fashionable pro- 
menade in July 1818. 

Adjoining the Regent Steyne, and more north- 
ward, is another oblong enclosure, with a dwarf wall 
and pallisades. As this Steyne will not be completed 
before next season it is unnecessary to enter into de- 
tail. We certainly must class these improvements 
among the most judicious embellishments of a fashion- 
able watering-place. The promenade of company will 
be uninterrupted from disagreeable annoyances, whilst 
the spacious drive will afford facilities for carriage 
parties and equestrians. 

In April 1818, as the workmen were clearing the 
grounds, they dug up several pieces of Roman coins, 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 57 

one of which was in excellent preservation ; it was a 
mixed copper piece. Round the impression of the 
head the inscription was " IMP. ALEXANDER 
PIVS. A. V. C." on the reverse side " Mars Altor," 
with the initials S. C. between the figure of Mars. 
The date was worn off the eds:e. 



The Western Division. 

Proceeding from the church down North-street, 
there are several roads to the west cliff, the first 
leads to Clarence Place and Regent's Place, the en- 
trance to which is exceedingly inconvenient. The 
houses situated in this direction have a most enviable 
view of the ocean, and are much admired from their 
rural prospects. West-street is one of the carriage 
roads to the west cliff; and this street, from its easy 
descent to the cliff, is exceeding pleasant, spacious, 
and remarkably clean. North-street is distinguished 
for the number of its excellent houses, shops, and the 
extent of business carried on, in the wholesale and re- 
tail trade. 

The East-cliff, so denominated, is very short in 
extent, commencing at the corner of East-street, and 
ending at the Old Ship Tavern. There are several 
excellent lodging houses, which overlook the sea. 

About 1761, a battery, with an arched room 

under it for ammunition, not far from the ancient scite 

of the East-gate, was erected. It mounted twelve 24- 

pounders. On the 17th of November 178.6, this bat- 

d 5 



58 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

tery, whose scite was not then protected by a groyne, 
was completely undermined by the sea, and fell to the 
ground. In the arched magazine beneath, there were 
17 barrels of gunpowder at the time it fell; but for- 
tunately none of them took fire amidst the crash of 
ruins. The remains of this battery are still visible. 

Opposite to Ship-street there is a flight of steps 
leading down the cliffs to the beach, which is called 
Waterloo Terrace, and it proves a most advantageous 
accommodation to the visitors and inhabitants. 

Upon the entrance to the west cliff the road is 
unfortunately narrow, and more so at the end of 
Middle-street. Carriages are obliged to pass through 
a narrow lane, dangerous and bad beyond description, 
before they can reach West-street. 

This unfortunate intersection of the west and east 
cliff communication of the town loudly calls for amend- 
ment. There is not a stranger who arrives in Brighton 
that does not immediately discover the disgraceful 
state of the west entrance. The want of a good road 
is a great disadvantage to the fashionable and popu- 
lous neighbourhood of the west cliff. 



Artillery Place, 
So called from the battery erected in 1793, con- 
sisting of eight pieces of cannon, 42-pounders, now 
reduced to six. Behind this battery is a handsome 
house, for the use of the gunner, with magazines and 
other appropriate offices. This battery is not used 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 39 

upon any public occasion, nor are royal salutes ever 
discharged. The contiguity of the houses behind the 
battery is one cause of their being dispensed with. 

Along the line of the west cliff, until its extreme 
point to the brick-kilns, presents an almost uninter- 
rupted range of elegant built mansions, residences, 
and excellent lodging houses. Cannon Place, Belle 
Vue, Bedford Place, and Westfield Lodge, are all in 
this neighbourhood. Bedford Square is intended to 
consist of 36 spacious lodging houses ; and when it 
should be completed it will be the most uniform and 
striking ornament to this part of the town. 

To the north of the west cliff, there are a number 
of elegant houses, erected in a line with Clarence- 
place, &c. 

INTENDED IMPROVEMENTS. 



Description of the New Poor House for the 
Parish of Brighton. 

The spot of ground which the directors and guar- 
dians have purchased for the erection of this building 
is situate on the east side of the road, leading from 
the church to the Devil's-dyke, extending from the 
south east corner of Church-street to the first wind- 
mill, and contains about 13 or 14 acres, which is suf- 
d 6 



60 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

ficiently large for the erection of a spacious building, 
and extensive grounds for gardens, not merely for the 
production of such vegetables as may be required for 
the consumption of the paupers in the house; but 
that an employment may be obtained for them in cul- 
tivating the ground, and thereby make their labour 
productive of considerable advantage towards their 
maintenance, and increase the supply of vegetables in 
the town market. 

The design for the building is by Mr. William 
Mackie, architect, Charlotte-street, Blackfriars-road ; 
and was selected from 40 others, which were submitted 
for the approval of the directors and guardians, they 
having publicly advertised a premium for the best 
design, and after a very mature deliberation, consi- 
dered that the present approved design was that which 
not only combined a proper degree of elegance for an 
institution of this kind with economy, but was more 
replete with convenience than any institution for the 
same purpose in the united kingdom. The principal 
front is intended to have an eastern aspect, looking 
directly on to the North Steyne, or Level, at the en- 
trance of the town, from the London and Lewes roads, 
forming a frontage of 200 feet. The front consists of a 
centre and two wings, to be built with rough flint 
work, and faced with artificial stone. The centre is 
three stories above the ground floor, surmounted with 
a pediment and turret for a clock, with a stone balus- 
trade and cornice. The principal part of this is occu- 
pied by the governor and matron's apartments, a com- 
mittee room for the parish meetings, and a lying-in 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 61 

ward, with store-rooms, two staircases, and an open 
area for light and ventilation in the centre, running 
from the basement to the top ; and the upper, or attic 
story, is for the sick wards or infirmaries. Immedi- 
ately behind the centre building, and nearly in the 
centre of the scite occupied by the whole, are situate 
two dining rooms and a kitchen, with the requisite 
culinary apartments, viz. scullery, cookery, pantry, 
and meat room, &c. ; in the basement story under the 
kitchen, &c. are the washhouse, laundry, mangle 
room, and bakehouse, communicating with the drying 
ground behind. 

The wings are only two stories above the ground 
floor, and are wholly occupied by wards and work- 
rooms for the paupers ; in each wing there are six 
wards and three workrooms, about 50 feet long by 20 
feet wide, extending from the centre building to the 
north and south extremities of the front, and then re- 
turning westward on the north and south sides about 
150 feet, forming in the interior a quadrangle or area 
of considerable extent, which is divided into two large 
yards for air and exercise of the paupers, rendering 
the whole perfectly ventilated and free from any in- 
fection. 

At the west extremities of the wings are situate 
two separate buildings for the boys and girls, per- 
fectly distinct from the adult paupers, having no com- 
munication whatever with any part of the establish- 
ment, excepting that of the governor and matron, 
each having a separate entrance with a yard and play 
ground. In these buildings it is intended the children 



62 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

should be under the care of a schoolmaster and school- 
mistress, who shall teach them to read and write, 
and superintend their work; and indeed, have the 
whole care of the children, subject to the direction of 
the governor and matron. 

In the centre of the west front next the road, over 
the church hill, are situate the buildings for the lu- 
natic paupers, perfectly detached from any other part 
of the establishment, having also a separate airing 
ground for each sex. Near these, but more in the in- 
terior of the building, are situate the brewhouse, places 
of confinement for the refractory paupers, and the 
dead houses, with several small buildings, for the re- 
ception of coals, wood, &c. for the use of the esta- 
blishment. 

The number of persons that this building is cal- 
culated to contain, including children, is about 460 ; 
and the grand principles which have influenced the 
mind of the architect in this design are the follow- 
ing :— 

Separation and classification of the paupers, 
both as to sexes, ages, and situations in life, in which 
they have previously moved. 

Employment and inspection, so that the whole, 
though perfectly separate and distinct from each other, 
should be as much as possible under the eye of the 
governor and matron. 

These being so well united in the arrangement of 
the plan, certainly must make the committee, ap-. 
pointed to select the most approved design, worthy 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 63 

the highest thanks of the town of Brighton, for their 
most excellent choice. 

The expence of this building is estimated at 
£10,000, and the land was purchased for £ 1,400, 
and paid by a rate expressly raised for that service. 
It is a most important consideration that some effec- 
tual antidote should be immediately applied to coun- 
teract the evils of mendicity and pauperism in this 
parish. We subjoin the following statement, as a 
most interesting document of the rapid increase of 
Poor's rates : — 

Abstract of the Receipts and Expenditure of the Direc- 
tors and Guardians of the Poor of the Parish of 
Brighton, from the 25th of March 1817, to March 
1818. 

RECEIPTS. 
Collected from Poor's Rates, paid into 
the Treasurer's hands, from Easter £ s. d. 

1817, to Easter 1818 10,983 10 9 

Reimbursement from Parishes ... 89 14 11 

Poor's Earnings 85 12 5 

Bastardy 201 13 

£11,360 11 1 

EXPENDITURE. 

Weekly List to Paupers 4,413 12 8 

Other Charges summed up ... . 7,801 18 2 

£12,215 10 10 

Excess of Expenditure • • • • £ 954 19 9 



64 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Establishment of a Gas Light Company. 

It is proposed, under the sanction of His Royal 
Highness the Regent, and the Commissioners of the 
town, under the regulations of their Act for 'the better 
paving and lighting the same, to lay down pipes from 
the manufactory, (which is proposed to be erected at 
the northern entrance into Brighton,) along the London 
road, by Carl ton-place, North and Pavilion-parades, 
across the Steynes, up St. James's street, North- 
street, East-street, East and West-cliffs, the Markets, 
and, in short, all those streets in the town where its 
introduction may be considered as of service to the 
inhabitants and the public. 

The Company have presented a bill to Parliament 
for leave to incorporate themselves into a joint stock 
Company, raising a capital of .£20,000, which is divi- 
ded into transferable shares of .£20. With this sum 
they will be able to lay down pipes to supply the 
town, without requiring from the inhabitants one 
portion of the expences, except for what lights they 
may consume individually. 



Botanic Gardens. 
At the bottom of Edward-street, leading to the 
Grand-parade, there is a neat plot of land, laid out 
with infinite taste and judgment, by Messrs. Morris 
and Cheesman, nurserymen, seedsmen, and florists 
for botanical and flower gardens, which we find the 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 65 

proprietors intend to open for the recreation of visitors, 
as well as for the scientific amusement of the botanist, 
florist, and horticulturist. On each side of an agree- 
able walk, plantations of rare shrubs, stocks, flowers, 
&c, are judiciously arranged. At the end there is 
a well stocked green-house and hot-house, display- 
ing a variety of native and foreign products, which 
are not only for exhibition but for purchase. 

In a town subjected to considerable variations of 
property, it would be premature to anticipate the ex- 
tent of the additions of new buildings which are in 
every direction marked out. We have endeavoured 
to point out the numerous buildings that owe the 
recency of their erection to the reputation and celebrity 
of Brighton as a watering place, and every year pro- 
duces a considerable accession of population, as well 
as increase of residences. Within the last two years 
more than 500 tenements have been raised from their 
foundations, and yet the application for houses become 
incessantly sought after. 

The Marine Parade is now completely studded 
with buildings, and it is very probable that a number 
of villas will shortly appear more eastward. 

In the north there is no doubt of the erection of 
a number of houses, as the architect and builder 
are contemplating considerable improvements in that 
direction. 

A considerable sum of money is annually ex- 
pended by the Commissioners in paving the old and 
new streets, and taking into calculation the inconve- 
nience of occasional alterations and buildings, the 



r 



66 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

streets may be considered remarkably pleasant and 
clean. 

The generality of the houses in Brighton are let 
as lodging houses, and these accommodations are not 
only numerous, but they are suited to every class of 
people. In the summer season, when the influx of 
visitors is beyond calculation, both houses and lodg- 
ings are sought after with avidity. Brighton possesses 
the advantage of affording residences of all sizes, some 
fit for families of the first distinction, while others may 
procure lodgings on a small scale, and in agreeable 
situations. 

The terms of letting houses and lodgings in the 
meridian of the season are far from exorbitant, and the 
price is generally regulated by the situation, and its 
commodious accommodation. 

Within these few years the most fashionable 
season at Brighton is become reversed ; instead of the 
months of June, July, August, and September being 
considered the meridian for company, we have per- 
ceived that October, November, December, and Ja- 
nuary, have invariably been distinguished for the resort 
of the nobility and gentry. Scarcely a house of any 
magnitude in the whole town can be procured, and it 
is to remedy this defection that the attention of specu- 
lators have latterly been directed to the building of 
spacious mansions. 

Independant of the nobility and gentry who pass 
their Christmas here, a great number of respectable 
families of small fortunes and establishments, in- 
variably resort to Brighton for the benefit of their 






BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 67 

health. The facility of procuring houses and apart- 
ments at a low expence, after the migration of the 
summer visitants, is certainly an important deside- 
ratum. 

We mention these circumstances as a demon- 
stration of our opinion, that Brighton is still at some 
distance before it arrives at the summit of her pros- 
perity, and it will be a subject of conjecture to set a 
boundary to the extent of building land which the 
town will ultimately encircle in the course of a few 
years. 



List of the Streets, Squares, &c« 

with the Number of Houses in each, 

IN THE PARISH AND TOWN OF BRIGHTON. 



As we have enumerated the new and old houses 
in 1770 and 1794, shewing their increase within these 
periods, we now subjoin an accurate list of alL the 
houses, by which means the reader will obtain a cor- 
rect view of the enlargement of the town up to Ja- 
nuary 1818. 

West Division, 

Commencing at the extremity. 

Total. 

Houses to the west of Bedford row 36 

Bedfoid-row 12, Cannon-place 9, Artillery-place 13 • ♦ 34 
West-cliff and MayVbmldings 54 



68 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Great Russel-street • • . CO 

Nebon-court and row, Little Russel-street and 

place, to Clarence-place 120 

Clarence, Regent, and Grenville-places 50 

Kentstreet 18 

West-street 82 

HiltonVpassage,ChuterVeourt,Bunker's-l)ill,Ash- 
by and Carpenter's-courts, Farm-yard and Mid- 

die-street-lane « ........ 52 

Middle-street 70 

Newman's, Boyce's, and Leacirs-courts, with 

Boyce's-street * • IB 

Ship-street • • 6S 

NewboldV court, Ship-street, twitten and gardens 10 

Duke-street . . 28 

Duke's-row, passage, and court, with New- road, 

Ship-street ................. 25 

Union-street 31 

Black-Lion- street • 35 

Meeting-house-lane, Sander's-buildings, and the 
street leading to the market, 60 ; Nile-street and 

court 19 79 

Brighton-place 34 

Market-street and the Bartholomews, Little- Castle- 

sqnare and MayVcourt « . . 31 

Eust.eliff- 39 

Little-East -street 30 

Great'Bast-street . . . . ? 82 

Pepper-alley ,Warden's-buildings,Pool-lane,Steyne- 

place and lane 38 

Castle square • 20 

North-street 148 

Houses in courts to the north of the upper end of 

North-street, and west of King-street 60' 

Mulbery-s.qtiare, Salmon's-court, and Priuce's-place 22 

t 






BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 69 

Air-street 36, Portland-street 18, King-street 51, and 

Jarrifs-court 6 Ill 

New-strtet 38, and New-road 15 53 

Church-street 74 

Little-Church-street 13, Jew-street 14, Thomas- 
street 50 77 

Marlborough-row and place 18, North-row 18, and 

North-lane 16 52 

North-buildings, Bowling green, Glocester-place, 

and at the back of ditto 30 

Trafalgar and York-place 18 

Union-street (north) 10, Oxford-place 20, and Mar- 

shail's-row 10 40 

Number of Houses West Division 1869 



East Division. 

Marine-parade 82 

Steyne-street 8, Manchester-street 20, Charles- 
street 13, Broad street 31 72 

German-place 21 

Margaret-street 27, Camelford-street 34, New- 

Steyne street 12 73 

New-steyne •••« • 31 

Rock-gardens 12, Rock-mews 5, Camp's-buildings 4, 
Tuppen's buildings 8, Russel's-buildiugs 5, Cre- 
scent-buildings 12 46 

Crescent • 14 

Bedford-street 15, and tenements about and be- 
yond theJCrescent 8 23 

St. James's -street 95 



70 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR.. 

St. James's-place, and do. court, in Little-George- 

street • 25 

George street 28 

Dorset-place and gardens 32 

Cumberland-street • 56 

High-street 6.7 

St. . JamesVChapel-street 12, Little St. Jamea's- 

street 32 44 

Devonshire -place 13, Little-Lodge-buildings 14 ... . 27 
Upper Rock-gardens 16, Rock-street 18 .... 34 
Chesterfield-street 53, ditto court and Derby- 
place 38 * 102 

Edward street ........ ~ . 64 

Thomas-street 20, Cumberland-place 11, Dorset- 
buildings and Lime-kiln-row 12 43 

John-street 75 

Steyne-gardens 12, North-Steyne-row 28 ... . 40 
Pavilion-parade 12, Priuce's-street 13, Blue and Buff 4 • 29 
North-parade 16, South-parade 16, South-row and West- 
parade 19, all on the Steyne • • ' 51 

Grand-parade . 28 

Carlton-row, Woburn-street, and Nelson-street • • 62 
Carlton-place 21, Circus-street 5, Carlton- street 9 • • • 35 
Sussex-place, Sander's-buildings, Portland-row, Sussex- 
street, Ivory-place, and Stephen's-row 60 

Richmond-place 27 

Richmond hill, Patriot-place, and Carlton-hill • • 20 



Number of Houses East Division 1414 
Ditto West Ditto 1869 



Total inhabited Houses .... 3281 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 71 

In addition to the above statement we find, from 
a survey of new buildings undertaken in March 1818, 
they amount to 390. A very neat row of tenements 
are building to the north of New- street. The comple- 
tion of Bedford-square is in immediate contemplation. 
The Paragon-houses have taken the name of Bedford- 
place, for the purpose of adding to the ulterior line of 
improvements in that quarter. We ought not to omit 
the recent erection of a very handsome mansion to the 
west, building by Messrs. Wilds, of Brighton, for the 
residence of Mrs. Sober, sister to T. R. Kemp, Esq. 
lord of the manor. It is finely situated in the centre 
of the open grounds between Bedford- square and row. 



72 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



PART IV. 

The Church. — Church-yard. — Chapel Royal. — St. 
James's Chapel. — Dissenting Chapels. 



The Parish Church. 

THIS is a venerable, although an inconsiderable 
structure of antiquity, and from its situation, on the 
summit of a hill to the north of the town, it commands 
such a prospect of the buildings beneath, the sea, and 
the highly variegated country around, as would make 
a church-goer even of an infidel. It stands 150 feet 
above the level of the ocean, and proves an excellent 
landmark to mariners. 

The Church consists of a body, chancel, and a 
very low tower. No part of it presents any architectural 
feature, either internally or externally, to merit re- 
mark ; the font alone is curious, standing in the centre 
of the middle aisle. It is of a circular form, and 
raised from the ground by one step. It has excited 
much observation among antiquaries, some of whom 
contend for its early date; others that it is only a 
copy from the original ; the former opinion is most 
predominant, and we give a few remarks on the 
sculpture with which it is ornamented, and the several 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 73" 

peculiarities on which our opinion is grounded. The 
principal compartment, facing the altar, represents the 
Last Supper, and consists of seven figures ; our 
Saviour, crowned with glory, in the centre, is in the 
act of giving the blessing, and on the table are dis- 
tributed various drinking vessels, with the bread ; the 
drapery consists of a variety of upright and horizontal 
folds. The next division contains a kneeling figure ; 
the third, which is larger, has a boat in the sea, with 
the sail furled, and two figures in it, one presenting 
a small barrel, or vessel, to a bishop, who has his 
mitre and crozier, and the other giving bread to a 
female, both of whom are in the water. The fourth 
division consists of three arches, each having a figure ; 
the centre appears to be the principal. We have no 
means of ascertaining the subjects of the last three 
mentioned compartments, though, doubtless, they re- 
late to some former circumstance. The whole is sculp- 
tured in basso relievo, and the execution bold ; over 
these is a line of zig-zag and lozenge work, curiously 
chamfered, and under them a row of exceedingly hand- 
some ornamental work of leaves and flowers, intri- 
cately and curiously intersected and varied, so much 
so as almost entirely to deprive it of the appearance 
of modern design, or even execution. 

This font, so much admired for the sculpture 
which adorned it, was, in the year 1745, nearly effaced 
by the then Churchwardens, who had it cleaned, and 
partially cut, and their names fixed in the base, viz, 
Thomas Stranbido, William Buokell, and G, Warden, 



74 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

and thereby have rendered a curious piece of ecclesi- 
astical, as well as local antiquity, a monument of their 
own false taste, vanity, and ignorance. 

The Church is mentioned in the survey of this 
parish in Doomsday book, 1086. The Church stood 
within the manor held by Williamde Watteville, under 
William de Warren, which was valued, before the 
conquest, at .£10, after the ravages of the revolution 
at £&, and at the time of the great survey at .£12, a 
year. There is no doubt of this identical font be- 
longing to the Saxons, some time previous to the in- 
vasion of the Normans. 

This Church was originally dedicated to St. 
Nicholas, Bishop of Mira, in Lycia, who lived about 
the beginning of the fourth century, and was the re- 
puted patron of mariners, owing to a naval miracle 
recorded in the legends of that country. His feast, 
which is held on the . 6th day of December, was used 
to be celebrated with devout dependance by the mari- 
ners of Brighton before the reformation ; however, it 
appears that these honest sons of industry, in process 
of time, made the Virgin Mary joint tenant with St. 
Nicholas, in the patronage of this Church. They 
shrewdly considered that Nicholas could not, either 
as a saint or a gentleman, object to so fair and exalted 
a partner, and that in case of any t)f , the sea-faring 
inhabitants of the parish were in danger, either their 
Holy patron, or more Holy patroness, would most 
probably be at leisure to step to their succour. 

In 1137 this Church was given by Ralp de 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR 75 

Cheney to the priory of Lewes, and the impropriation 
of the great tithes rested in that priory until its 
suppression in 1538. 

The impropriation and patronage of this parish 
were granted by Henry VIII, to Lord Cromwell, his 
vicar-general, who ordered a public register of baptisms 
and burials to be kept at Brighton, and every other 
parish in the kingdom, anno 1539, 

On the attainder of that nobleman this Church 
was next conferred, by Henry VIII, on his repudiated 
queen, Anne of Cleves; and on the death of that 
Princess, in 1557, it again fell to the crown. 

Under Queen Elizabeth the patronage and im- 
propriation of this Church was severed; the former 
was attached to the see of Chichester, and has con- 
tinued so to the present time ; the latter has, in the 
mean while, passed through many hands, and is, 
at this day, in the possession of Thomas Read 
Kemp, esq. 

The Church has undergone various repairs for 
centuries past, but has, within the last 80 years, 
been rendered more commodious, and the increasing 
population of the town requiring an enlarged accom- 
modation for the congregation, the internal ornaments 
of the Church are less in unison with the structure. 
No town in the kingdom requires a new Church more 
than the parish of Brighton, containing no less than 
18,000 resident inhabitants. 

In 1777 eight bells, cast at the Bristol foundery, 
belonging to Mr. Rudhall, of Brighton, were^hungin 
its belfry; they are remarkably musical, and the 
e2 - 



96 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

weight of the tenor, which is pitched in the key F, is 
1500 lbs. In 1818, an addition of two bells were 
added. A society of scientific ringers often enliven 
the town with their merry peals. 

During the residence of His Royal Highness the 
Prince Regent at the Pavilion the British standard is 
always displayed from the steeple of the church, and 
upon public rejoicings. 

The living is a vicarage ; the Rev. Robert James 
Carr is the present highly respected vicar, having 
been presented to the living in 1804. 

The rectory of West Bletchington, distant about 
2% miles, is annexed to the vicarage, the church hav- 
ing fallen into decay near a century ago. 



The Church Yard. 
Here the stranger will observe a profusion of 
monumental inscriptions of 

The pious work of names once fatn'd, 
Now dubious or forgot. 

In this sacred abode of the dead we have evi- 
dences of the mortality of life. Among the number of 
inscriptions, many might be transcribed, which would 
decompose the most serious gravity. We shall ab- 
stain from the introduction of many of those stanzas, 
for w <en we cease to live, the Divine Spirit hath com- 
missioned us to write upon their tombs—" Blessed 
are the dead which die in the Lord, from henceforth 






BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 77 

they rest from their labours, and their works, do follow 
them:' 

The monuments are not ancient ; but the histori- 
cal part with which it is connected, renders that of Cap- 
tain Tettersell worthy of notice. 

The remains of this loyal subject lie in the yard 
near the chancel door, upon entering the church, 
covered with a black marble, having the following in- 
scription : — 

" P. M. S. 
Captain Nicholas Tettersell, through whose prudence, 
valour, and loyalty, Charles II. king of England, after 
he had escaped the sword of his merciless rebels, and 
his forces received a fatal overthrow at Worcester, 
September 3, 1651, was faithfully preserved and con- 
veyed to France, departed this life the 26th day of 
July, 1674." 

" Within this marble monument doth lie 

Approved faith, honour, and loyalty; 

In this cold clay he hath now taVn up his station, 

Who once preserved the church, the crowne, and nation ! 

When Charles the Greate was nothing but a breath, 

This valiant soul stept 'tween him and death : 

"Usurper's threats, nor tyrant rebels' frowue, 

Could not affright his duty to the crowne ; 

Which glorious act of hi«, for church and state, 

Eight Princes, in one day, did gratulate 

Professing all to him in debt to bee, 
As all the world are to his memory ; 
Since earth could not reward the worth him given, 
He now reeeives it from the King of Heaven. 
E 3 



78 BKIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

la the tame ehest one jewel wore you have, 
The partner of his virtues, bed, and grave." 

Beneath those lines are the following :— 

" Susanna 1 ), his wife, who deceased the 4th day of May, 

1672, to whose pious memory and his own 

Honour, 

Nicholas, their only son, a ju t inheritor of his father'? 

Virtues, hath paid his last dnty in this monument, 

1676." 

" Here also lies interred the body of Captain Nicholas 

Tettersell r his son, who departed this life the 

4th of the calends of October, 1701, 

in the 57th year of his age." 

One of the handsomest monuments in this church- 
yard, is that which is erected to the memory of Mrs. 
Crouch, by Mr. Kelly, and which, guarded by an iron 
frame, stands upon the left side of the gate as you en- 
ter the grounds from the north, and contains the fol- 
lowing inscription : — 

" The Remains ef 

ANNA MARIA CROUCH, 

During man*' years a Per r orm r at Drury Lane Theatre. 

She comb ned, wiih the purest taste as a Singer, the most 

elf gant simplicity as an Actress ; 

Beautiful almost beyond parallel in h«r person, 

She was distinguished by the powers of her mind; 

They enabled her, w en she I ad quitted the stage, to 

gladden life by the charms of her conversation, 

and refine it by her manners. 

She was born Apiil the 20th 1763, and died the 2d October, 

1S05. 

This stone isinsciibed to her beloved memory, by him whom 

she esteemed the most faithful of her friends* 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 7S 

There stood, during the prevalence of popery, a 
large stone cross, or crucifix, in the church-yard, on 
the south side of the church ; but no more than the 
stone steps around it, and a fragment of the pillar, 
have survived the Inconoclast zeal of our early re- 
formers. 

In January 1818, an additional piece of ground 
was consecrated by the bishop of Exeter, for the burial 
of the dead, adjoining the church-yard. 



The Chapel Royal. 

On the 25th of November, 1793, the Rev. Mr. 
Hudson, vicar of the parish Church, began to build a 
Chapel of Ease in North- street, the parish Church 
being rather too distant, and too small for the increas- 
ing population of the town; the corner stone was laid 
by His Royal Highness the Prince Regent on that 
day. Mr. Saunders, of this town, was the architect. 
The interior of the Chapel is lofty, and remarkably 
neat, with gailtnes rangng on each side and ends. 
Over the communion-table there is a fine painting of 
Our Saviour in the interview with Mary, but it is, un- 
fortunately, defaced. In the south gallery the Prince 
Regent has an elegant pew, and opposite stands the 
organ. The Chapel will conveniently hold 1000 
persons. 

The pews are all let by the year or month. 

The nomination of the clergyman is vested in 
the vicar of the parish, and the present chaplain is 

the Rev. Lovell. 

e 4 



80 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

The front of the Chapel displays the arms of the 
Prince Regent neatly carved in stone. 

Prayers are read in this Chapel upon every fes- 
tival day. 



St. James's Chapel. 

In the year 1810, a free Chapel was erected in 
St. James's-street, but the congregation dissenting 
from the established Church of England, it was taken 
by the Rev. Thomas Read Kemp, who continued to 
preach at this place of worship until the end of the 
year 1817, when this edifice reverted to the jurisdiction 
of the Church, and it is now considered as a Chapel 
of Ease in the parish, but, though licensed, it has not 
yet been consecrated by the bishop of the diocese. 

This Chapel was built by Mr. Cheeseman, sen., 
of this town. The principal entrance to it is from 
St. James's-street, under a porch, and the exterior of 
the building is much confined by the adjoining build- 
ings. The interior, however, is spacious, with side and 
end galleries, and capable of accommodating upwards 
of 800 persons. The greater part of the body of the 
Chapel is exclusively appropriated for the poor. There 
also is a fine toned organ to this place of worship. 

The Rev. Hugh Pearson, M. A. author of the 
Life of Dr. Buchannan, is appointed chaplain to this 
Chapel. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 8i 

Dissenting Chapels. 

In Brighton there are several places of worship, 
erected within these few years, which prove a great 
convenience to those who sincerely and conscientiously 
dissent from the established church. That such there 
are, will not be denied, and they are numerous, as 
well as respectable, in this land of religious, as well as 
civil liberty. It was a declaration of George II, that 
theTe should be no persecution in his reign ; and his 
present majesty has extended the boundaries of reli- 
gious liberty to the different denominations more than 
any preceding monarch. We are happy to say, that 
whilst different professors are thus agreeably accom- 
modated at Brighton, there is nothing amongst them 
of strife and contention — there abideth Hope, Faith, 
and Charity ; but the same inspired writer says, the 
greatest of these is Charity. 



Countess of Huntingdon's Chapel, North- 
street. 

Before we enter into the particulars of this chapel, 
the following anecdote may not be deemed uninterest- 
ing, as it is somewhat connected with the subsequent 
motives of Lady Huntingdon building a religious edi- 
fice in this town. 

The illness of the youngest son of the Countess, 
induced her ladyship to come to Brighton for the be- 
e5 



S2 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

nefit of sea-bathing. About this time the following 
singular circumstance occurred, which Lady Hunting- 
don related to Mr. Toplady, and which is extracted 
from the M. S. in the posthumous works of that gen- 
tleman — 

" A gentlewoman, who lived in the vicinity of 
Brighton, dreamed that a tall lady, whose dress she 
particularly noticed, would come to that town, and be 
an instrument of doing much good. It was about 
three years after this dream that Lady Huntingdon 
came to Brighton. A few days after her arrival, the 
above gentlewoman met her ladyship in the street, who 
instantly seeing her said — ' Oh madam, you are 
come f 

" Lady Huntingdon, surprised at the singularity 
of such an address from an entire stranger, thought 
the woman was bereft of her senses — ' What do you 
know of me ?' asked the Countess. 

" Madam,' replied the gentlewoman, 'I saw you 
in a dream three years ago, dressed as you now are* 
and proceeded in the relation of her dream to the 
Countess." 

In 1761, the very year when our venerable and 
much beloved sovereign ascended the throne, Lady 
Huntingdon erected a small but neat chapel, contigu- 
ous to her house, on the scite of the present chapel, 
which was opened the following year, by the Rev. Mr. 
Madden. 

For the erection cf this chapel, and its subse- 
quent alteration, in 1774, her ladyship sold her jewels, 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 83 

the following account of which cannot fail to interest 
the reader : — 

Two 13 X drops £400 

Twenty-eight 13 x 3 drops .... 90 

Thirty-seven Pearls, at £4 15s. each 175 15 

Seed Pearls 10 

Gold Box 23 



£698 15 



The chapel was further enlarged in 1767, and 
opened in February in the same year, by the cele- 
brated Mr. Whitfield, assisted by other ministers. It 
was not then sufficiently large for the congregation, 
and in 1774 the edifice was taken down and rebuilt, 
when it was re-ope.ned by the Rev. Mr. Romaine, who 
preached the first sermon. 

In 1810, a further enlargement was found to be 
necessary, and it is now capable of accommodating 
1000 persons. The interior of the chapel is exceed- 
ingly neat, as well as a commodious place for Divine 
worship. 

The numerous congregation have no settled pas- 
tor, but the chapel is supplied by a succession of 
ministers, agreeable to the original plan of Lady Hun- 
tingdon. The preaching is evangelical, being the sub- 
stance of the doctrinal articles of the Church of Eng- 
land, conformable to their obvious and literal meaning; 
and the. prayers of the Church of England are read. 
e 6 



84 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Divine service is officiated three times on the sabbath- 
day, and on Thursday evening in every week. 

From the increase of population, and for the ac 
commodation of visitors, a still further enlargement 
appears desirable, which we understand is now in con- 
templation. 



Ship Street Chapel. 

The exterior beauty of this edifice, appropriated 
for Divine worship, certainly must take a precedence 
in our description of religious edifices, notwithstand- 
ing the recency of its erection. It was built by Messrs. 
Wilds, of Brighton, in the spring of 1 8 1 7 . The front is 
covered with the mastic composition, which adds consi- 
derably to the durability of the building. The en- 
trance to the chapel is under a portico, supported by 
stone pillars, which adds a light architectural orna- 
ment. The interior of the chapel is most tastefully 
designed. In the centre of the ceiling rises a small 
dome, partly covered with glass, which aids the light, 
and, if necessary, gives a ventilation of air. The circle of 
the dome is curiously formed, and relieved with carved 
lines of flowers, &c. The pews in the side galleries 
and body of the chapel, are neatly constructed, by 
which arrangement accommodation is furnished to a 
numerous congregation. 

The very curious pulpit, turned by Messrs.Wilds, 
is deserving of observation. The design is unique but 
elegant, and the execution masterly. In shape it re- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 85 

presents a vase, standing on an Ionic column, fluted on 
the floor. The base of the pulpit, rising from the capi- 
tal, presents a large torus of bold beads, a deep cor- 
vetto, and another torus of beads of a proportionate 
size. The lower part of the pulpit is embossed with 
large oak leaves, the outline of which forms a festoon ; 
above is a neat string of beads, and the centre is en- 
circled with prominent rings, intersecting each other in 
the manner of a chain. Over this is a double-reeded 
moulding, and the projecting top gives a bold and uni- 
form shadow to the whole. The ground work is 
grained mahogany ; the moulding, chain, and beads, 
are bronze, and the column is coloured in imitation of 
foreign marble. The lining is crimson cloth, and the 
door is hung on two very handsome brass pillars. 
The platform leading from the door to the vestry-room 
is ornamented with a scroll, corresponding with the 
capital. The whole of this work is formed of some 
hundred pieces of wood, glued together. It is much 
admired by those who have viewed it, and adds greatly 
to the beauty of the chapel. 

Adjoining the chapel are two excellent school- 
rooms, for boys and girls. Mr. Kemp built the cha- 
pel and schools at his own expence ; and this highly 
benevolent gentleman generally officiates as pastor to 
the congregation. 



86 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Union Street Chapel. 

The congregational or Independent Dissenters 
have a neat and commodious chapel, situate in Union- 
street, leading to the top of Ship-street. The pastor 
of the church is the Rev. Dr. Styles, during whose 
ministry the place of worship has been considerably 
enlarged, and thoroughly repaired. The religious opi- 
nions entertained by this body of Christians are those 
of the doctrinal articles of the Church of England. 
They are equally removed from the Antimonian and 
Pelagarie heresies, and maintain that Faith without 
Works isdead, while Faith is the alone instrument of 
Justification. 

The ministers of this denomination are classi- 
cally educated, and regularly ordained. The services 
at the chapel are held three times on the Sunday, and 
on the Monday and Friday evenings in every week. 

This chapel was the first built in Brighton, after 
the repeal of the non-conformists' act, and the glori- 
ous Revolution of 1688. They have ever since con- 
tinued a numerous and truly respectable body of dis- 
senters. 

Upon the passing of this act, after the restoration 
of Charles II., Tettersel, who was the creature of that 
monarch, from that period tarnished his character at 
Brighton, for becoming a bigotted persecutor and spy 
to the dissenters. His conduct on the 29th of May 
1670, was disgraceful. William Beard, the master 
of the house, where a few dissenters had assembled 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 87 

for prayers, this Tettersel broke open, and stole 65 
bushels of malt, which he sold to one of his partizans 
for 12*. per quarter. 



The Wesleyan Chapel 
Is situated in Dorset-place, with an entrance pas- 
sage to it from St. James's-street. It was built in 1808, 
and this place of worship will accommodate 500 per- 
sons with sittings. 

There is no regular pastor to 'the congregation, 
but it is well supplied with ministers of erudition and 
Christian experience, appointed by the Conference of 
the Society. The form of the church prayers are read 
in all the chapels belonging to this persuasion, as a 
part of their morning service, which is held three 
times on the sabbath ; and meetings on every Tuesday 
night for divine worship, and for prayers on Friday 



Cumberland Street Chapel. 

In 1812, this place of worship was taken by a re- 
ligious society, under the denomination of Unitarians. 
The doctrinal opinions of this class of Christian be- 
lievers are too well known to require any observation. 
They compose a most numerous and respectable body 
of dissenters as any in this kingdom. The Rev. J. 



88 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Morell, LL.D. is the resident pastor to this congre- 
gation. 

The Society of Friends, or Quakers, have also a 
neat meeting-house in Ship-street. 

There is also a neat chapel, belonging to the sect 
of Baptists, situated in New-street. 

A small chapel is erecting in Union-street, in- 
tended for the followers of the late Mr. Huntingdon. 

There is likewise a dissenting meeting-house in 
Church-street, erected in 1810. 

The Roman Catholic chapel is situated in High- 
street. 

The Synagogue for the Jews is erected in "West- 
street. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 89 



PART V. 



Local Regulations. Markets. — Trade and Commerce. 



— Population. 



Local Regulations. 

PREVIOUS to the year 1578, the internal ma- 
nagement of Brighton had, from the time of Alfred, 
been under the government of a society, called The 
Twelve, consisting of mariners, who formed a com- 
mittee of counsel, and usurped the whole monopoly of 
offices in their own body. The landmen were treated 
as foreigners, and began to be clamorous for redress. 
These contentions at last became so serious an evil, 
that the moderate of both parties petitioned the lords 
of the council, to inspect the ancient customs of the 
place, and to select from them an equitable little code 
for their future government. 

Accordingly the Earl of Arundel, Lord Buck- 
hurst, (Lord of the Manor) Sir Thomas Shirley, of 
Preston, and Henry Shelley, Esq. were appointed 
commissioners to settle every difference of the inha- 
bitants, the assessment of town rates, and other pub- 
lic concerns of the parish ; and this commission Lord 



90 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Buckhurst and Mr. Shelley executed in the year 1580, 
to the satisfaction of all parties. 

This famous commission acted as arbitrators in 
all the various charges imposed for the reparation of 
the church, as well as all other public charges, and in 
short, proved an excellent system of local regulation. 

After appointing a constable, there was selected 
out of the ancientest, gravest, and wisest inhabitants, 
eight fishermen, and four landmen, for assistants to 
the constable in every public cause. 

The dispute concerning the annual payments of 
the quarter share of ancient custom, paid out of every 
boat in each fishing voyage, to the churchwardens, 
was amicably settled. 

An inventory of the great ordnance was also taken, 
and the number of fishing boats were rated at 80; 
able mariners 400 ; and 10,000 nets : and after recit- 
ing the heavy charges which the fishermen pay to- 
wards the rates of the town, there was an item intro- 
duced, namely, that if any owner or lessor of a house 
should admit any tenants, or under tenants, into his 
house, except the said tenants shall, by the opinion 
of the constable and churchwardens, be thought of 
sufficient ability to maintain himself and his family 
without burthening of the town, then the said owner 
or lessor shall forfeit every month, that any such te- 
nant, not being estimated as aforesaid, shall inhabit or 
dwell in his house, to the poor man's box, 3s. 4d. 

The number of husbandmen and artificers assess- 
ed to the payments of the charges of the town, was 






BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 91 

!02, and the amount of their yearly contribution 
£5 Os. 2d, 

The town book, which contains the whole of these 
code of laws, is signed by 90 of the most respectable 
inhabitants. In this list of signatures, Richard Stone- 
ham, Bartholomew Bowridge, Christopher Ingelard, 
Derick Carver, Stephen Pyper, Mary Waller, and Ed- 
ward Gunter, alone could write their names. The 
marks of the 84 illiterate inhabitants were, in general, 
rude types of their several occupations. The hook, 
the anchor, the axe, the wheel, the anvil, and the 
plough, with other professional instruments and uten- 
sils, are there imperfectly sketched by these honest 
unlettered sons of industry, after their respective 
names. 

Brighton is not a town corporate ; but an act was 
passed in 1773, vesting a power in 64 inhabitants, as 
commissioners, to erect a market-place, light, and 
cleanse the streets, and execute other matters for the 
good order and regulation of the town. 

In the year 1810, this act was repealed, and the, 
internal regulations of the place were subsequently 
vested in mote than 100 commissioners, for regulating 
the market, for building and repairing groynes, to ren- 
der the coast safe and commodious, for landing coal 
and culm, and laying a duty thereon ; for building a 
town-hall, regulating weights and measures, &c. The 
commissioners hold their situations during life ; and 
the qualifications necessary to become a commissioner 
are to be in the occupation of a tenement, value £50, 



$2 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

and of being bonajide in the receipts of £50 landed or 
household property. 

The commissioners have the power of appointing 
directors and guardians of the poor, coal-meters, pa- 
trole, &c. 

A constable and eight headboroughs are annually 
chosen at Lord Abergavenny's Court Leet, on Easter 
Tuesday, who have the guardianship of the peace of 
the town. 

Brighton has been proverbially distinguished by 
the visitors as the most orderly town in the kingdom, 
from its varied population, and the vast influx of 
strangers of all classes. Scarcely a serious felony has 
been known in the town, and a few petty larcenies 
may sum up the propensity to crimes among a mixed 
population of from 17 to 20,000 souls. It was, how- 
ever, deemed necessary to secure the town from depre- 
dations, and a nightly patrole was established, whose 
services have cost near ^£600 per annum. 

There is also a bench of magistrates, who hold 
their sittings at the Town-hall, every Monday and 
Thursday, and upon particular occasions more fre- 
quent, if business requires. The present magistrates 
acting for the distribution of justice, and the adjudi- 
cation of all appeals, &c. are J. H. Bates, Esq. and 
R. Hurst, Esq. Mr. Serjeant Runnington having se- 
ceded from the bench since the lamentable occurrences 
of November 5, 1817, the latter gentleman under- 
takes the duties of the office of a Justice of the 
Peace. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 93 

The Town-hall adjoins the workhouse, and it is 
immediately opposite the market; but it is by no 
means adequate to the purposes of business. This 
inconvenience, however, is likely to be speedily reme- 
died, as the commissioners have the power of furnish- 
ing the town with a better, upon the completion of 
the new workhouse upon Church-hill. The present 
poor house will then be pulled down, and not only a 
convenient hall, for the administration and arbitration 
of justice will be erected, but the market will be con- 
siderably improved and enlarged. 

We have already mentioned that Brighton pos- 
sessed a charter from Edward II. for holding a weekly 
market on Thursday. The scite of this market-place 
was on the cliff, beginning 20 feet east from the town- 
house and fortress. On this spot it continued from 
1313 to 1703, when that part of the cliff on which it 
stood was sapped by the waves, and that building 
finally demolished. 

The poverty of the town put it out of the power of 
the inhabitants to erect a new market-place, until the 
unexpected influx of summer visitants began to intro- 
duce new wealth and sentiments in Brighton. 

In 1773, an act of Parliament was obtained for 
erecting and holding a daily market. 



Markets. 

The wholesale fish market is held on the beach 
near the baths ; and as Brighton is the nearest fishing 



$4 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

coast to London, great part of the fish is purchased by 
dealers who supply the metropolis. The boats gene- 
rally come in early in the morning. 

The corn-market is held on Thursdays, at the 
King and Queen Inn. The different species of grain 
are disposed of by samples only, which is the 
usual custom of most places in this county. A consi- 
derable deal of business is usually transacted in this 
mode. 

The general market-house is centrically situated 
between Black Lion-street and East-street, but unfor- 
tunately, every entrance to it is at present confined. 
It was first established in 1734, since which period it 
has undergone many improvements, and before it will 
become a general mart for the town, much is yet to 
be performed, and we are happy to hear it is in the 
contemplation of the commissioners of the town, to re- 
vise the whole of the local acts of Parliament, and to 
bring in the revenue of the market to be appropriated 
to the enlargement of an emporium, which the circum- 
stance of an increase of population and visitors essen- 
tially require. The ground which will be obtained by 
the removal of the workhouse offers an important ad- 
vantage. The market, which is daily, is admirably 
well supplied with provisions, and it is particularly 
famed for the delicious mutton of the South Downs. 
The stalls of the shambles of the fish-market, and for 
vegetables, fruit, &c. are covered, and the whole is 
kept with much order and regularity. The fish stalls 
are remarkable for the profusion and excellency of the 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 95 

finny tribe. The principal market-day is now on 
Saturday. 

The fairs are held on Holy Thursday, and Sep- 
tember 4, for toys and pedlary. 

For the information of the inhabitants of Brighton 
it is necessary to state, that the Bartholomews, on 
which the scite of the market-place stands, is the com- 
mon property of the town. In 1733, the almshouses 
in the Bartholomews were sold for £17, and the 
workhouse was built in 1736 on their scite. This year 
the poor rates were eight-pence in the pound rack- 
rent, and then considered an almost intolerable bur- 
den on the parish. 



Trade a>pd Commerce. 

In the early part of the 17th century, this town 
was the most flourishing on the coast of Sussex for 
the fisheries, and several hundred families were main- 
tained chiefly by this employment, and the making of 
nets. The number of boats now engaged does not 
exceed 80, with a complement of two to three hands 
for each boat. Of this number the greater part are 
laid up at the close of the mackarel season ; and with- 
in these few years the fishing has declined, for the 
want of that encouragement which would secure the 
fishermen a constant demand for the supply. It 
is not to the irregularity of a sale, that this important 
branch of maritime trade is dwindling away, but to the 
consumption being so limited since the termination of 



96 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

the war in 1815, and the facility of foreign speculators 
participating in the trade, at a less expence than can 
be forwarded to the London market by land carriage. 
We mention this circumstance as a subject of regret, 
because there is no object of greater importance than 
the encouragement of our own fisheries, not only as a 
source of national wealth, but in procuring the deli- 
cacies of the deep at a reasonable rate. Thus, in the 
winter season, when the south-west gales are so pre- 
valent, the success of the adventurous fishermen is so 
precarious, that they become indifferent in going to 
sea for an uncertain subsistence. 

The mackarel season commences about May, and 
continues until the end of August. The boats for 
this service are strongly built, and navigated by three 
or four men. The chain of nets used for taking this 
fish is upwards of a mile in length, and thousands of 
fish are often taken at one draught. The most favour- 
able wind is the south-west with a stiff breeze, when 
the fish rise to the surface of the water for food, and 
then a plentiful shoal is certain to be caught in the 
nets. 

The periodical migration of this species of the 
finny tribe from the Atlantic ocean into our channel 
is truly singular ; and the first that are caught is gene- 
rally off Torbay; and at the period these immense 
finny shoals swim into the roadstead off Brighton, the 
fish have a more delicious flavour, and are considered 
in the London market more valuable. 

The mackarel season in 1812 produced £20,000. 
A fish company in this town purchased, m 1813, no 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 97 

less than 850,000 mackarel, which were sent to 
Billingsgate market in carts, independent of the sup- 
ply for the country around. A number of boats from 
Hastings, Yarmouth, and other places generally come 
off this coast, and remain the whole season, to catch 
and sell their fish. 

It is an invariable custom to send the first fish 
caught off Brighton, as a present to the Prince Re- 
gent; and the name of His Royal Highness is en- 
rolled among the patrons and benefactors of the 
Fishermen's society. 

The herring season generally commences about 
October, and is over about the middle of December. 
Some idea may be formed of the extent of the herring- 
fishery at Brighton, when it is mentioned, that in one 
day as many herrings were landed on the beach as 
sold for upwards of .£300. A few years ago vast 
quantities of herrings were dried and exported, but 
now that trade has very much declined. At Brighton 
the dried herrings, (known by the term bloated) are of 
a superior flavour, and fetch a higher price than any 
others. 

The mackarel and herring-fisheries are succeeded 
by the trawl-fishing, which comprehends soles, brills, 
mullets, scaite, plaise, thornbacks, maids, and some 
turbot. A quantity of whitings are caught here in 
the autumn, and they afford excellent sport to those 
who are fond of angling. Boats may be hired at a 
small expence, with proper lines and hooks'; a few 
herrings are easily procured for baits, and the whiting* 
will bite nearly as fast as the hooks can be let down. 



98 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Lobsters and crabs are generally brought from 
Emsworth and Bognor Rocks, where they are plenti- 
fully caught. They are exceedingly fresh, and of 
course highly pleasant to the taste. The prauns and 
shrimps caught here are of a very fine flavour ; and 
when eaten almost immediately after they are taken 
out of the sea, they may be reckoned a real delicacy. 
A great number of men and women may be seen em- 
ployed with nets trawling along the sands on the beach 
at the ebb and flow of the tides for shrimps. As for 
oysters, they are brought here in great abundance. 
About two years ago, the fishermen discovered an 
immense bed of these shell fish, about mid- way in the 
channel, supposed to be two miles in length, and 
in some parts a mile in width, lying within the depth 
of a few fathoms of water. 

There is also a delicious shell fish caught here 
called an escallop, but little known in the London 
markets ; and which, for its nutritive qualities, and 
richness of flavour, has scarcely its equal. The sea- 
son for this delicacy is early in the spring. 

The only imports of any consequence, besides 
fish, are coals, of which the quantity has considerably 
increased since Brighton has become the fashionable 
resort of the nobility and gentry. The number of 
chaldrons imported last year was no less than 18,000. 
A town duty of 3s. per chaldron is levied, for the re- 
pairs of the groynes and improvements of the town. 

The manufacture of Tunbridge wares is becom- 
ing an object of importance here. The manufactories 
established are yet in their infancy, but they are 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. W 

likely to receive a fair proportion of public encou- 
ragement. 

Newhaven and Shoreham, being at the east anc\ 
west of Brighton, the imports and exports of various 
commodities is principally confined to those places. 
The following account of the amount of duties received 
on coals at Shoreham and Newhaven, brought or car- 
ried coastwise, will partly give an estimate of the 
great consumption in this town and neighbourhood : 



1811 


1812 




1813 




£. s. d. 


£. 


S. d. 


£. * 


d. 


Shoreham 7239 17 Q\ 


7865 


5 4 


6557 11 





Newhaven 6055 2 10 


5575 


4 11 


5465 15 


6 



The trade with France is not very considerable, 
and is chiefly confined to the import of poultry, fruit, 
eggs, &c. f 

The intercourse with France is now assuming 
an important branch of business. No less than nine 
packets are employed on this station in the sum- 
mer season; they are large vessels, well built, and 
handsomely fitted up for the conveyance of passen- 
gers, carriages, and horses. It is not alone to the 
superior accommodation of the packets, that this 
route to France is increasing in public favor, but owing 
to the advantages of travelling by a nearer and more 
pleasant route. The distance from London to Dovef. 
is 71 miles, while Brighton is only 53 ; (by the new 
road) 50 miles. The distance across the Channel is 
25 leagues, and the passage to Dieppe is pleasant 
f 2 

•&■■ 



100 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

and safe; the voyage is generally performed in 10 or 
12 hours. From Dieppe to Rouen (the capital of 
Normandy,) is 38 miles, and from thence to Paris 82 
miles, making the journey 90 miles nearer than by the 
route of Dover and Calais. The diligences from 
Dieppe to Paris perform the journey in 14 hours, and 
the carriages are well constructed for travelling, being 
generally upon the English plan of building. The 
roads likewise are exceedingly good, and they run 
through a beautiful, fertile, and well cultivated 
country. 

With all these favorable considerations we are 
not surprised at the preference given by travellers to 
go or return from France by this route. 

For general information we subjoin the names 
of the different vessels sailing from Brighton to 
Dieppe. 

Naney, Captain Blaber. 

Unity, Captain Clear. 

Ann and Elizabeth, Captain Daniels. 

Nautilus, Captain Wingfield. 

Elizabeth, Captain G. Lind. 

Lord Wellington, C.ptain CUeeseman. 

Prince Regent, Captai i Bulb. ck. 

Duke of Wellington, Captain Cole. 

Neptune, Captain Wallis. 

The Custom-house is situated in West-street. 
The business is well conducted, under the manage- 
ment of a collector, comptroller, and other subordi- 
nate officers. It is tributary to Shoreham Custom- 
house. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 101 

Officers. 

William Gates, Esq. Collector. 
Thomas Pelham, E^q Comptroller. 
Mr. Samuel Chapel, Searcher. 
Mr. William Boyce, Tide-Surveyor. 

The following is the number of passengers who 
have arrived and departed, by the packets sailing be- 
tween Brighton and Dieppe, from the 1st of January, 
1817, to the 31st of December inclusive: 

Departures, ...... 2431. 

Arrivals, 1947. 



Population. 

In 1313 Brighton must have been very populous, 
to have required a weekly market; we cannot find 
any account of the number of inhabitants at that 
period. 

In 1580 we can only find in the town-book the 
population stated as follows: — 

Mariners, holding 10,000 nets, without enu- 
merating their families 400 

Artificers and husbandmen, able to pay to the 
expenditure of the town, amounting to 
£5. 0s. 2d. as their part of the contri- 
bution 102 

Exempted from rates, namely, the constable 
and his twelve assistants ........ 13 

Freeholders of lands and tenements .... 92 

Without poor families 597 
f 3 



Hv BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

' In 1766, the number of inhabitants were esti- 
mated at 2000. 

In 1788 the number of inhabitants was taken, 
previous to a general inoculation, when there appeared 
to be of s. ttled residents in the town above 3600. 
1800 were inoculated, of whom 34 died. 

In 1794, on an exact enumeration of all the in- 
habitants in Brighton, previous to a general inoculation 
in the month of January, they were found to be 5669, 
which was an increase of more than 2000 in its popu- 
lation since the year 1786. 

There were, including about 250 that came in 
from the neighbouring villages, 2113 inoculated, out 
of whom no more than 50 died. In the summer of 
this year the inhabitants and visitors amounted to 
more than 10,000 souls. 

In 1801, according to the returns under the 
Population Act, the number of inhabited houses were 
1282, and 7339 inhabitants. 

In 1811, according to th» returns under a similar 
act, the number of inhabited houses were 1424, and 
12,012 inhabitants. 

In 1818, the number of houses is taken at 3286, 
and the resident inhabitants 18,000; the increase, 
therefore, in 23 years, appears to be near 13,000 inha- 
bitants. 

The summer visitors, from Jane to October, are 
taken at 7000 additional residents between those 
periods ; and from November to February at 2300 ; 
and from February to June at 1700. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 103 



PART VI. 



Dispensary. — Sussex Infirmary. — Public Charities.—- 
Benefactions, tyc. 



Charitable Institutions. 

THE Brighthelmstone Dispensary was established 
in 1809, and this most excellent Institution was 
founded under the patronage of his Royal Highness 
the Prince Regent, for the administering to the sick 
poor, advice and medicine gratis, and for promoting 
vaccination. It is scarcely necessary to pass an 
eulogium for the purpose of recommending this valu- 
able charity to the especial notice of the visitors to 
Brighton. It is simply sufficient to relate the great 
benefit it has been able to extend to the sick poor 
during the year 1817 ; and, from its first commence- 
ment, to obtain a liberal support from the bene- 
volence of the public. 

f 4 



104 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Admitted from August 1816, to August 1817, 

Patients cured • • 219 

Relieved 33 

Died 14 

Discharged for non-attendance • 27 

Now on the Books 148 

441 
Vaccinated 1200 

1641 
Total, admitted from the commencement • • • 6452 
Vaccinated • • 1538 

7990 

Statement of the funds of the Dispensary from 
August 1816, to August 1817. 

£. s. d. 

Receipts 615 7 9 

Payments 600 9 

Balance in Treasurer's hands • • • £\5 7 

President. — Earl of Chichester. 

Vice-Presidents. — The Duke of Richmond, Earls of 

Egremont and Sheffield, Thos. Read Kemp, esq. 
Treasurer. — John Hall, esq. Union Bank. 
Secretary. — Mr. Thomas Attree. 
Collector. — Thomas Dent Ruddock, Printer, 30, 

Brighton-place. 



\ 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 105 

Physicians. — Dr. Tierney, Physician extraordinary 
to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, Dr. 
Blair, Dr. Gibney. 

Surgeons. — Andrew Bond, C. Hall, Henry Blaker, 
George Battcock, William Attree. 

Medical Assistant. — George Battcock. 

Dentist. — Charles Bew. 

Among the numerous donations to this Institu- 
tion, we find 

£. s. d. 

Her Majesty 10 

Attree, T. Esq Ship Street • • • • 10 10 

Bequest of an unknown Friend • • 100 

Brooker, H. Dorset Gardens • • • 21 

Clarges, Sir T. Bart. 10 10 

Egremont, Earl of 55 5 

Eardley, Lord 30 

Hoare, W H Broomfield 10 10 

Ingram, James, Rottingdean • • • 10 10 o 

Prischell, Charles, Brighton .... 10 10 

Podman, Robert, ditto ...... 10 10 

Standert, Mr. 10 10 

Walker, Thomas, Biighton .... 10 

His Royal Highness the Prince Regent is an 
annual subscriber of 10 guineas. 



Sussex General Infirmary. 

It is five years since the noble president, the Earl 
of Chichester, suggested that a sea bathing Infirmary 
r 5 



106 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

might be added to the Dispensary, and, at the gene- 
ra} meeting, four years since, the intention of opening 
the house of the Dispensary as a General Infirmary, 
was announced, which wa§ accordingly put into exe- 
cution, and patients have been received as its means 
allowed. 

The number of patients admitted last year were 
42, and since the establishment 184. 

Statement of the funds of the Infirmary from 
August 1816, to August 1817. 

£. s. d. 

Receipts 449 6 10 

Payments 364 16 11 



Balance in Treasurer's hands • • .£84 9 11 

The Prince Regent is an annual subscriber of £15. 
The following are among the donations. 

£. s. d. 

The Prince Regent 21 

Abbott, Right Honourable Charles . • 10 10 

Chichester. Earl of 10 10 

Egr mont, Earl of 10 10 

Goff, Edward (legacy) * , 300 

The fifth report of the Committee upon the state 
of the Infirmary is so explicit that we cannot forego 
its insertion in tais work: 

The Committee in reporting on the state of this 
infant establishment, cannot but observe, that though 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 107 

it has been conducted on a scale necessarily confined, 
yet its benefits have excited ardent wishes for more 
extended powers of action. They cannot refrain like- 
wise from noticing, that whilst its resources have 
chiefly been drawn from the town of Brighthelmstone, 
a great majority of the Patients have been received 
from different parts of the country. It is worthy of 
remark, that <£274. 2.9. has been contributed by the 
Patients in the last five years towards their own sup- 
port, according to the existing regulations; a striking 
evidence how desirable such an assylum would be, if 
the admittance was oh the more liberal system of 
other I ntir m ar ie s . 

In consequence of the munificent offer of the 
Right Honorable the Earl of Egremont, (V. P.) to con- 
tribute .£1000 towards the erection of a County Hos- 
pital, it was resolved unanimously, at a General Meet- 
ing of the Governors and Subscribers, held at the Old 
Ship Tavern, Brighthelmstone, on the 10th Febru- 
ary, 1813; 

1st. That this Meeting, viewing with peculiar de- 
light the progress of benevolence in the general foun- 
dation of Hospitals, in the vari: (is counties of Great 
Britain, and being fully persuaded, that this is one of 
the most efficient means of relieving suffering hu- 
manity, are anxious that the county of Sussex should 
follow such example, by establishing on a liberal 
scale, an Hospital for general purposes. 
i 6 



108 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

2dly. That it appears to this Meeting, that 
Brighthelmstone is the most eligible situation for such 
an Institution; combining the most extensive popu- 
lation in the county, and the advantage of sea bath- 
ing, with great pecuniary means arising from annual 
subscriptions and collections, and especially the liberal 
donations of visitors. 

Calculations for building a Hospital for 60 Pa- 
tients, and adequate regulations have been made, and 
the following sums subscribed. 

£. s. d. 

Right Honourable the Earl of Egreraont • . . 1000 

Lord Gage 200 

Right Honourable the Earl of Chichester . . • 105 

Right Honourable the Earl of Ashburnham • • 105 

Charles Pieschell, Esq. 100 

Dr. Tierney 100 

Right Honourable John Trevor 100 

WalUr Bnrre!l,Esq.M.P. 100 

Charles Elliott, Esq Westfietd-house 100 

John Fuller, Esq. Rose Hill 52 10 

N. Kemp, Esq. Ovingdean 50 

H. Champion, Esq. Danny 50 

Sir Charles M. B.'nell, M. P. 50 

W. Wigm y, Esq. 50 

B. Harrison, Esq Treasurer of Guy's and St. 

Thomas's Hospital 26 5 

Robert Foster, Esq. 21 

Sir i -.uses >ib -aid, Bart 21 

S. F. M if.rd, Esq. • • 20 

Dr. B oxhtm 20 

Rev. R.J Carr 20 

Dr. Bodley 20 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 109 

£. s. d. 

Mrs. Metcalf 20 

Lady Mordaunt 20 

Dr. And< rson 10 10 

Rev. Dr. Holland, Poynings (and £3 3*. per 

annum) 10 10 

Rev. Dr. Hooker 10 10 

Andrew Bond, Esq 10 10 

Fr. Freeling, Esq. 10 10 

Mr. Beard, Rottitigdean 55 

Mrs. Sibley 550 

A considerable sum is yet required to give a per- 
manence to this intended structure, which the friends 
of humanity would raise to succour the afflicted. 



CHARITY SCHOOLS. 



Benefactions, Donations, &c. 

The Rev. Anthony Springatt, A. D. 1725, left 8s. 
per annum; and in the year 1740, the further sum of 
£25 per annum, for the education of 20 poor boys be- 
longing to the parish. 

Mr. G. Beach, A. D. 1735, left £2 10s. to the 
aforesaid charity school, and for an annual sermon for 
the poor of the parish. 

The Right Honourable the Countess of Gower 
A. D, 1770, left £7 10s. to the aforesaid charity. 



1 10 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

This school was established according to the in- 
tentions of the founder, but it has ceased to exist, in 
consequence of the money being laid out in the short 
annuities, the funds were not available to the inten- 
tions of the original founder. 

The surplus money still accruing, together with 
the school, and small parcel of land adjoining, have 
been sold, and another school established upon its 
foundation, in the lanes leading to Black-lion-street, 
called the " National School for Boys," opened in 
February 1818, and sufficiently commodious to con- 
tain 300 youths, which is now the number destined for 
education in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and in 
the principles of the Eastablished Church. 

Notwithstanding the recency of the school in 
March 1818, there were 140 boys in this school, who 
receive their instruction solely by voluntary subscrip- 
tions, donations, and collections at the Parish Church 
and Chapels of Ease in the town. 

It is necessary to observe, that the School of In- 
dustry for Girls, which is hereafter mentioned for 150 
girls, is managed under the same Trustees, and con- 
ducted upon the same plan of education ; and it 
likewise forms one of the branches of the National 
School. 

Treasurer. — John xMills, Esq. Old Bank. 

Secretary. — T. D. Ruddock, Brighton Place. 

Trustees. — Rev. Robert James Carr, Thomas 
Read Kemp, Esq. Nathaniel Kemp, Esq. Charles 
Scrase Dickens, Esq. and 20 other gentlemen. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. Ill 

Mr. William Grimmett, A. D. 1668, left €69 8s. 
per annum, for educating and clothing 20 boys of this 
parish, to be instructed in reading, writing, merchant's 
accompts, navigation, and the principles of the Esta- 
blished Church. Mr. Grimmett had himself been 
educated at the Free School founded by the Rev. Mr. 
Springatt. Having realised by his industry, as a sea- 
faring man, £10,000, he bequeathed near £2000 for 
the endowment. Some informality in his will gave 
his heirs-at-law an opportunity of contesting the lega- 
lity of his wrll ; and his widow maintained generously 
a suit in chancery against them, when it was con- 
firmed. 

This school is conducted by a head-master, ap- 
pointed to that situation : but the recent introductions 
of new modes of facilitating education have almost 
made the intentions of this school nugatory ; and it 
was intended to have incorporated the funds with the 
national schools. 



School or Industry. 

In 1788, there was also established in the Town 
Hall a School of Industry for Giris, under the patron- 
age of Mrs. Kemp, the lady of Nathaniel Kemp, Esq. 
and other ladies of the town and vicinity of Brighton. 
This school is now removed into Church-street. One 
hundred and lifty girls, 70 of whom are clothed, are 
here educated and carefully initiated in the senti- 



112 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

merits and practice of religion and industry ; and al- 
though this excellent institution has depended on occa- 
sional liberality for its continuance, it has not only 
been permanently supported, but become a pattern for 
similar establishments in the town. 

There is scarce a real vice in society, which has 
not its mediate or intermediate origin in the neglect of 
female education : their importance in society is gene- 
rally acknowledged, and it is of the highest moment 
that their morals should be preserved. It is with 
pleasure we have to enumerate several seminaries in 
Brighton for female virtue, and how justly are their 
patrons and patronesses entitled to the esteemj and 
gratitude of philanthrophy. 



Union Charity School for Girls, 

Established 1808. 

It is supported by voluntary subscriptions of dis- 
senters of every denomination. They are instructed 
m reading, writing, and the first rules of arithmetic, 
according to Mr. Lancaster's plan of teaching boys, 
and also in plain needle-work, spinning, and knitting. 
The school is in Middle-street, and in March 1818, 
there Were 70 girls in this useful seminary, which is 
managed by a committee of ladies. 

Edward Goff, Esq. (late of Scotland-yard) left a 
legacy of £200 for the use of this school ; and among 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 113 

the donations we observe the name of the Earl of 
Bristol for £25. 

Treasurer. — Mrs. Mackey, 5, Dorset Gardens. 
Secretary. — Miss Wigney. 

Subscriptions are also received at the Brighthelm- 
stone Bank, Castle- square. 



Union Charity School for Boys 
Of all Denominations. 

This seminary of knowledge and religious instruc- 
tion is likewise erected in Middle-street, contiguous 
to the Girl's School. The late Mr. Edward GofTwas 
the founder of this institution, towards which he gave 
a donation of 1400 ; and the Prince Regent is an an- 
nual subscriber of 15 guineas. The school was 
opened in 1807. The plan of teaching reading, writ- 
ing, and arithmetic, invented by Mr. Lancaster is 
adopted. 

In March 1818, there were 140 boys receiving 
their education in this school, which is supported by 
voluntary subscriptions. 

Treasurer. — W. Wigney, Esq. Brighton Bank, 

Castle-square. 



114 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Duke Street Charity School. 

In 1817, T. R. Kemp, Esq. established a spacious 
school for the education of boys and girls, which build- 
ing adjoins his chapel in Ship-lane. The boys are 
instructed in reading, writing, and arithmetic. The 
girls are taught to read and write, as well as instilled 
in those principles, which are requisite to bring them 
up to be domestic, industrious, and virtuous women. 
This seminary was not only erected, but it is sup- 
ported at the individual expence of its respected and 
vigilant pastor, and occasional collections at his 
chapel. 

In March 1818, Mr. Kemp had 140 boys, and 
1 30 girls, receiving their education and religious in- 
struction in his school. 



The Brighthelmstone Maternal Society, 
For providing child-bed linen, and other suitable 
articles of clothing and nourishment, for the use of 
poor married women, was instituted the 28th of July 
1813. In 1817 alone, this society were enabled to 
assist 160 poor women in time of need ; and thischa- 
ritv has been extended for the sum of £90. The 
concerns of this society are managed by a committee 
of 12 female subscribers. His Royal Highness the 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 115 

Prince Regent is a subscriber of five guineas to the 
promotion of this society. 

Treasurer. — -Mrs. Bass, 27 , Brighton-place. 
Secretaries. — Mr. Ruddock, Brighton-place, and 
Miss Read, 22, Duke-street. 

There is another Maternal society, which was 
established antecedent to the above, that is carried on 
by a society of ladies of the Established Church, whose 
benevolent exertions in administering relief to poor 
married women, during the ' month of their confine- 
ment, is widely extended in private dispensations of 
charitv. 



Dollar Society. 

'the attention of this society is directed to the 
relief of that description of local poor, who do not 
derive any assistance from the parish ; administering 
to sick persons, and alleviating those whom unfore- 
seen calamities have reduced in circumstances. An 
annual subscriber of 5s. 6d. entitles them to recom- 
mend one person annually to become a partaker of 
the charitable fund. 

Patronesses. — Her Majesty, their Royal High- 
nesses the Princess Elizabeth, Princess Augusta, and 
the Duchess of Glocester. 

Vice-Patronesses. — The Marchionesses of Down- 



116 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

shire and Cholmondeley, the Countess Dowager of 
Harcourt, the Countess of Sheffield, &c. 

This benevolent society is chiefly supported and 
managed by a committee of 12 ladies in the town. 

Treasurer. — Mrs. Bayntun, 110, North-street. 
Sub-Treasurer and Secretary. — Miss Jarvis, 2, 
Dorset-place. 

Subscriptions are received by Mr. Ruddock, sta- 
tioner, Brighton-place. 



Benevolent Society 

For the relief of the sick and distressed poor of 
all denominations, instituted by the congregation wor- 
shipping at Mr. Kemp's chapel in Ship-street, insti- 
tuted in 1816. By the funds of this society, 1328 
cases of relief have been extended by the committee. 

Treasurer. — T. R. Kemp, Esq. 
Secretary. — Mr. Croud, school-room, adjoining 
the chapel. 



Society for promoting Christian Know- 
ledge. 

This district Committee, for the Deanery of 
Lewes, was established in 1815, under the sanction of 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 117 

the Lord Bishop of Chichester. Its primary object is 
to promote the diffusion of the scriptures, and reli- 
gious tracts, among the lower orders of society, at 
reduced prices. 

This establishment is a branch of the Parent So- 
ciety, in Bartlett's-buildings, Holborn, London, which 
was first formed by the members of the Church of 
England, A. D. 1669. 

President. — Earl of Chichester. 

Vice-Presidents. — The Earls of Bristol and Egre- 
mont, and 1 8 noblemen and gentlemen. 

Treasurer. — John Hall, Esq. Union-bank. 

Secretaries. — Rev. Dr. Holland, Rectory Poyn- 
ings, Rev. Robert James Carr, Brighton. 

Bookseller. — Mr. Sawyer, at the Society's Depo- 
sitary, Middle-street, Brighton. 



British and Foreign Bible Society, 

Instituted 1804. 

The Brighton Auxiliary Association to the Parent 
Society, for the purpose of promoting the circulation 
of the Scriptures, without note or comment, among the 
poor, was established in 1813. 

President. — The Rev. Robert James Carr. 
Vice-Presidents. — N. Kemp, Esq. and the Rev. 
Dr. Styles. 



118 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Secretaries. — Mr. W. Penfold, and Mr. Grover 
Kemp. 

Treasurer. — William Wigney, Esq. 

Committee of Management. — Thirty Members: 
15 of the Established Church, and 15 Dissenters. 



United Fishermen's Society, 
Instituted 1813, 

For administering to its members and their fa- 
milies relief in case of sickness, to widows and chil- 
dren, to superannuated fishermen, and to furnish a 
compensation for losses by casualties. More than 
£500 have been sent as donations to this society by 
various noblemen and gentlemen ; besides a number 
of honorary annual subscribers, among whom his 
Royal Highness the Prince Regent transmits 10 
guineas per year. 

To entitle the fishermen to the full benefits of this 
institution, the subscribers, during nine months of the 
year, pay Is. per week, individually, in support of the 
fund, and £l annually for every boat. 

Among the donations with which the United Fish- 
ermen s Society has been honoured, we observe 

His Royal Highness the Prince Regent .... £52 18 

His Royal H.ghness the Duke of Cambridge . • 20 

SirT. B.rnarJ, Bart. 30 10 

Lord and Lady Craven '• 30 

Earl of Eg.emont 21 

T. R. Kemp, Esq. 10 10 

N. Kemp, Esq. 10 10 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 119 

Besides a number of other benevolent persons of 
£10 5s. 2d. and £1. 

Patron, — His Royal Highness the Prince Re- 
cent. 

President. — Rev. R. J. Carr, vicar. 

Treasurer. — William Wigney, Esq. 

Secretaries. — Rev. Dr. Styles, D. D. Mr. Par- 
kins, Bookseller, St. James's-street. 



Friendly Society. 

This establishment was founded on the 23d of 
June 1813, for raising, by a voluntary subscription 
among its members, a fund for their mutual relief and 
maintenance in sickness, old age, and infirmity ; and 
also, to their widows and children. 

This society consists of 120 members, who hold 
their annual meeting at the Old Ship Tavern. 



Brighton Provident Institution, or Bank 
for Savings, 

Established 1817, at the Eagle Library, Middle- 
street. 

The object of this bank is to afford every indus- 
trious and provident person the great advantage of 



120 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Public Security, and interest for small sums of money 
deposited, and to enable them, with little expence of 
time or trouble, and with the certainty of a steady en- 
crease of their deposits, to obtain personal comfort and 
independence. 

Sums are received at this bank, just as it suits 
the depositor's convenience so low as Is. at a time, 
and are laid out in government debentures. Bank 
open every Saturday evening, from 8 till 10 o'clock. 

Patron. — His Royal Highness the Prince Re- 
gent. 

President. — The Earl of Chichester. 
Vice-Presidents — Consist of 20 noblemen and 
gentlemen in the town and neighbourhood. 

Trustees.— L. Lloyd, Esq. William Masterman, 
Esq. S. M. Barber, Esq. Bankers, London; Rev. R.J. 
Carr, Vicar, and 10 gentlemen in Brighton. 

Superintending Committee. — Rev. R. J. Carr, A. M. 
and 12 members. 

Treasurer. — John Kull, Esq. Union-bank. 

Secretaries. — Rev. Dr. Styles and T. West, Esq. 

Managers. — One hundred and four. 

Act vary. — Mr. Sawyer, Bookseller, at the Sav- 
ings-bank, Mkldle-streeL 



Legacies, Benefactions, &c. 

In I548j William Midwinter, sailor, sold the 
scite of the Free Chapel or Chaun'r , -Seated to 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 121 

St. Bartholomew, in the town of Brighton, to Thomas 
Friend and others, in trust for the said town, in con- 
sideration of the sum of £44, which had been raised 
by subscription among the inhabitants. This chaun- 
try, now commonly called the St. Bartholomews, was 
a parcel of the late dissolved priory of Iifcwes, and was 
burned by the French in 1513. 

The watch-house, market-place, and vicarage- 
house, &c. stand on this free-ground. 

In 1648, Henry Hilton, Esq. of Hilton, in the 
county of Durham, left by his will to the town of 
Brighton, an annuity of £24= for 99 years. 

In 1706, a gift of £20 to the parish was laid out 
in repairing one of the two mills belonging to the town, 
which had been blown down in 1703. 

Edward Joy, fisherman, bequeathed to his native 
town of Brighton, an annuity of <£4, arising out of 
Challener's manor, in Rottingdean : and Thomas 
Humphrey, fisherman, left the said town a rent charge 
of 40s. a year for ever, on Mousecomb, in Patcham. 

In 1795, Mrs. Mary Marriott, in pursuance of the 
directions of Mrs. Dorothy and Mrs. Ann Piercy, 
erected six alms-house's in this parish, for the recep- 
tion of six poor widows of the church of England, who 
have received no parochial relief, endowed them with 
the sum of £8, to be increased at her decease to £96, 
per annum, and allowed to each widow a new gown 
and cloak every second year. These alms-houses are 
built on the road to the cavalry-barracks, and they 
certainly have a very neat and gratifying appear- 
ance. 



122 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Mr. Swan Downer, who formerly resided in Lon- 
don, but latterly in Brighton, died in the year 1816, 
and by his will bequeathed the interest of .£7100 in 
money, for a school for 25 girls; £5000 in money for 
clothing : the interest of £600 for the school-house ; 
£10 per annum for coals and candles; £40 per annum 
for writing and arithmetic ; £25 per annum for books, 
pens, ink, &c. 

The girls to be clothed twice a year, and to have 
a bible, &c. on leaving the school. The school to be 
managed by four lady conductresses; and £10 per 
annum for the ladies to give away to the children. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 123 



PART VII. 



Barracks. — Theatre. — Amusements. — Sea-Bathing. 
Baths. — Memoirs of the late Dr. R. Russel. 



Cavalry Barracks. 

ON the road leading to Lewes, near a mile dis- 
tant from the town, is situated this pile of buildings, 
which exhibit a style of architecture not inferior to 
any barracks in England. They are built in a valley, 
and possess every advantage of air and prospect. The 
erection of these military accommodations was com- 
pleted in 1795. The front occupies a space of more 
than 500 yards from north to south, built of brick, 
and painted of a stone colour. The length of this 
building is disposed in the following order . — At the 
south entrance stands the guard room and maga- 
zine. 

The south wing contains the officer's apartments, 
consisting of 22 rooms; six servants' rooms; mess 
o2 



124 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

room; barrack-master's office, a spacious riding- 
school, the canteen, besides a range of kitchens, cu- 
linary offices, &c. In the centre stands a separate 
building, appropriated for granaries, forage barns, 
with coal-cellars underneath. The north wing corre- 
sponds in dimension with the south, consisting of 30 
rooms for soldiers. At ihe end of this wing is a pretty 
detached house, used for an hospital. 

In the rear .of the north wing is another detached 
range of rooms, containing accommodation for 100 
soldiers. The military kitchen, and other culinary 
offices are also detached, which adds to the cleanli- 
ness and comfort of the men. The shops of the far- 
rier and veterinary surgeon, together with a range of 
stables for 105 horses are thrown backwards. 

In 1810, the officers of the 10th royal hussars 
formed a very excellent fives-court, at their own ex- 
pence, between the wings, in the centre of the back 
court-yard, where the officers occasionally enjoy that 
manly amusement. 

In 1801, a range of stables were erected for the 
reception of 400 horses; but in 1818, they were all 
removed, and the front of the building and spacious 
grounds are now thrown open to public view. This 
last alteration is decidedly a most ornamental im- 
provement. The barracks are sufficiently capacious 
to contain 625 private soldiers and non commissioned 
officers ; and before the stables in front were pulled 
down, there was room for 700 horses. 

The 13th regiment of light dragoons are at p.- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 125 

sent; stationed here, under the command of Colonel 
Doherty. 

1?he infantry barracks are situated in Church- 
street, and will accommodate near 400 men. We wish 
it was in our power to speak well of this, building; 
but we regret to say, that the situation is not adapted 
for the comfort of the military, and it would be an 
improvement, if the whole of this cumbrous pile of 
bricks, mortar, and other nuisances, were to be con- 
demned, and another building erected in a more con- 
spicuous and agreeable spot. 



The Theatre. 

This place of public amusement is situated in the 
New-road, leading into North-street. It is a very 
handsome structure, having a colonnade, which runs 
along its whole front, supported by neat stone pillars. 
The entrance into the boxes is in the centre; and that 
to the pit is on the right, and the gallery on the left 
of the building. 

The interior has two tier of boxes. The Prince 
Regent's box is on the left of the stage, divided from 
the other boxes by an iron lattice work, gilded, which 
gives it a pleasing and private appearance. The pit 
and gallery are well constructed for the audience, par- 
ticularly the latter, which has a prominent view of 
the stage. 

g 3 



126 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

The house is illuminated by nine neat cut-glass 
chandeliers, and a range of patent lamps at the foot of 
the stage. The stage is exceedingly convenient, and 
has a length proportioned to the structure. The 
whole is fitted up with a tasteful elegance, and we 
must acknowledge, that it reflects honour on the dis- 
criminate judgment of Mr. Trotter, the manager. 

The present theatre was built in the year 1807, 
under the direction of H. Cobb, Esq. of Clement's 
Inn ; and being opened during the recess of the Lon- 
don theatres, it has frequently some of the first per- 
formers from Drury Lane, Covent Garden, and Bath. 

The histrionic art, when it encourages virtue, 
and discountenances vice, contributes to the improve- 
ment of mankind ; and notwithstanding the sceptical 
opinions which are promulgated about the immorality 
of dramatic representations, we hope that this temple, 
dedicated to Thalia and Melpomene, will always meet 
with a corresponding public patronage. 

It was a fine compliment that the great Johnson 
paid to Garrick on his decease, when he said — 
" that his death eclipsed the gaiety of a nation." 

The first theatre built in Brighton was in the 
year 1774 ; and in consequence of the increased po- 
pulation of the town, a new one was erected in 1788, 
at the upper end of Duke-street. Upon the comple- 
tion of the new theatre in 1807, the licence for dra- 
matic representations was transferred. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 127 



Club and Subscription Houses. 

The Brighton Club House is situated No. 1, on 
the South Steyne Parade ; and this establishment is 
under the management of Mr. Wiick, the proprietor, 
whose experience qualifies him to this responsible 
undertaking. The admission of members is by bal- 
lot; and all business relative to the club is managed 
by a committee of seven. 

The club consists of 200 noblemen and gentle- 
men of the first distinction. The subscription is three 
guineas per annum, and the rooms are furnished with 
newspapers and a variety of periodical publications. 

The Billiard Subscription Rooms are situated in 
Broad-street, under the superintendance of Mr. John 
Thomas Jones. They consist of two public billiard 
rooms, with full sized tables, and a subscription room. 
The terms are one guinea, which entitles the sub- 
scriber to a perpetual admission. 

The original rooms for billiards are kept in Man- 
chester-street, and are exclusively appropriated for 
noblemen and gentlemen of the first respectability. 

There are also billiard rooms in George-street 
and Ship-street, which we understand are well con- 
ducted. 



V28 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Sporting Varieties. 

The first object of any particular notice in the 
vicinity of Brighton, is certainly the race-course, about 
a mile from the Pavilion eastwards. This course ap- 
pears to have been marked out long before 1788, for 
in that year we find the stand was built by subscrip- 
tion, and afterwards the ground was very much im- 
proved. It is now allowed to present the finest turf 
and prospect of any race-course in Great Britain. 
The races were once the most celebrated for sport, 
and the best horses in the kingdom would contest 
for the Pavilion and other great stakes, plates, 
matches, &c. Previous to 1814, the absence of 
royalty, and the withdrawing of some of the stakes, 
were the precursor of their decline ; and in that year 
the racing calendar contains the dissolution of its 
sports. Efforts have been made to revive the races, 
but they cannot be nursed into maturity, owing to 
the indifference of the inhabitants to their existence 
being essential to the interests of the town. 

Upon a part of the race-course are the apparent 
remains of a small encampment, popularly called 
White Hawk. To the south of the race-stand, ap- 
pears an oval line of vallation, and another wall or 
lampart on either side, which runs quite across the 
hill. Tie interior enclosure was certainly too small 
for the encampment of any considerable number of 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 129 

men, nor does even the outer line seem to have been 
erected for any military purpose. 

Between the race-stand and the town there is a 
delightful and rich tract of Down, arable, and pasture, 
above a mile in extent, which may contend with any 
other spot in Europe, in the united advantages of 
scenery and soil. 



Subscription Pack of Harriers. 

These celebrated harriers are kept at the kennel, 
adjoining the Regent's Diary, distant half a mile on 
the London road. 

The hunting season commences on the 1st of 
October, and terminates generally about the middle of 
March. The regular days for throwing off are — 

On Mondays, at Standhend-bott6m, near Pat- 
cham, three miles from Brighton, adjoining the right 
of the London road. 

On Wednesdays, at Brighton race-course. 

On Fridays, at Poynings-bottom, on the left of 
the road, leading to Devil's-dyke. 

On each of these days the hounds throw off pre- 
cisely at ten o'clock. 

Besides the above subscription pack, Colonel 
Wyndham's fox hounds occasionally hunt in the 
neighbourhood of Brighton. 

It is well to observe, that the diversions of the 
6 5 



130 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

chace is numerously attended by sportmen, who make 
it their object to reside in Brighton during the winter 
season. 

The extent of the downs, east to west, is more 
than nine miles, over a country so diversified, and in 
short, so well calculated for hunting, that we are not 
surprised at the number of sportsmen enjoying this 
pleasurable diversion. 

As for ,game the country supplies an annual 
abundance, for Lord Chichester's preserve being in 
the very centre of the hunt, hares are often started in 
braces. The foxes are very prevalent in their covers 
under the South Down Hills ; and the farmers are 
well pleased when the fox hounds arrive in the neigh- 
bourhood. 



Public Exhibitions. 

The Camera Obscura, an optical machine, used 
in a darkened chamber, so that the light passing 
through a double convex glass, represents objects in- 
verted, is agreeably situated at Haynes's toy-shop, on 
the Steyne-beach, opposite South Parade, and ad- 
joining Russel House. 

Price's Exhibition of Glass Working, in almost, 
every mechanical invention, St. James's-street. 

An ingenious piece of Bone Workmanship, repre- 
senting the Palace ofihe Thuilleries, and the Bastille 
in France. 






BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 131 

This curious production is the invention of 
French prisoners, whilst confined at Norman Cross ; 
and it was perfected after a labour of seven years. 
It is 7 feet in height, and 4 feet in width ; and they 
are deemed an exact model of those great edifices. 
These admirable specimens of captive ingenuity may 
be seen at No. 11, Poplar-place, North-street. 



The Sea. 

To a thoughtful mind the ocean is always an in- 
teresting object, constituting the most beautiful and 
sublime in perfection. Whether we consider its ex- 
tent — its capaciousness — its wealth, or its immense 
utility, we are lost in admiration : and the contem- 
plation of it is productive of refreshing and invigorat- 
ing effects — 

Nor rural sights alone, but rural sounds 
Exhilarate the spirit, and restore 
The tone of languid nature. Mighty winds 
That sweep the skirt of some far spreading wood 
Of ancient growth, make music not unlike 
The dash of Oceaa on his winding shore. 

The bed of the sea at low water is the place of 
amusement. Here the gay make a figure, the de- 
crepid seek for health, and the netters for shrimps 
The carters gather stones to make their roads and 
their walls, and the curious gather shells. The 
g 6 



132 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

builders seek for materials to burn into lime, and 
the healthy seek for pleasure. 

The beach and strand is commonly strewed with 
heaps of the conferva, focus, and ulva tribes, which, 
if collected and prepared by the hand of industry, 
would be alike productive of pot-ash and manure. 
There is also found along this coast, a species of am- 
pelites, or black bitumen, highly charged with sulphur 
and salt. It is here called strombolo. 

In the hands of the late Dr. Russel this strombolo 
became no inconsiderable remedy in certain com- 
plaints. After it was rubbed fine and strewed upon 
the coals, he used to apply its hot steam through a 
funnel, to the swelled glands of scrophulous patients, 
after those tumours had been fomented with sea 
water 



Encroachments of the Sea. 

In the former part of this work we have described 
the destruction of every thing below the cliff from 
inundations, and soon after, the sea was encroaching 
with alarming rapidity on the cliff itself, fragments of 
which were daily crumbling into the sapping tide. 
It was, therefore, found absolutely necessary, for the 
preservation of the rest of the town, to erect groynes 
before it. These groynes are contrived by means of 
•strong wooden barriers, projecting from the cliff to- 
wards the sea, as far as low water mark, which inter- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 133 

cept and confine the beach, or sea gravel, that always 
rolls eastward in this part of the channel. By this 
contrivance a large body of beach, rising gradually to- 
wards the cliff, is accumulated on the western side of 
every barrier, which resists the impetuosity of the 
roughest sea. But in the reduced state, which a co- 
incidence of unfavourable circumstances had reduced 
'Brighton about the beginning of the last century, it 
were impossible for the inhabitants to raise within 
themselves a sum adequate to so expensive an 
undertaking, a Brief was granted them, under which 
they collected ,£1700. By means of this public aid, 
and the internal contributions of the town itself, the 
cliff has been well secured from the west part of the 
town, as far as the Steyne extends. The Marine 
Parade and the Crescent Cliffs, have also groynes, 
which prove an excellent boundary to the watery 
elements in that quarter. 

Some of the proprietors of the Marine houses 
have lately, with no less judgment than industry, be- 
gan to guard their property, by erecting- a flint wall 
along the base of the cliff. 



134 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



SEA BATHING. 

" This is the purest exercise of health! 
Thus life redoubles ; and is oft preserv'd 
By the bold swimmer, in the swift illapse 
Of accident disastrous — Hence the limbs 
Knit into force! ' and the same Roman arm 
That rose victorious o'er the conquered earth* 
First leain'd, while tender, to subaue the wave! 
Even from the body's purity, the mind 
Derives a secret, sympathetic aid!" 

Our remarks upon hot, cold, and sea-water va- 
pour baths, must be confined to the reports of profes- 
sional gentlemen, who have written Treatises upon the 
properties of Sea-water, and on Baths, and have con- 
sidered both as luxuries and remedies; — and remedies 
too, of very singular efficacy in the prevention and cure 
of contagious diseases. 

Some time after Dr. Russel published his first work 
upon Sea- water, Dr. Speed wrote a Commentary to 
it ; and in his introduction, he mentions, that " as the 
use of sea-water is grown inte fashion, he was in- 
duced to make inquiries into its nature, especially, as 
many patients flocked down to the sea-coast, he was 
determined to try experiments on the water/' Among 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 13£ 

these curious experiments he says, in reference to the 
external application of salt water, "that the phy- 
sicians of our own country have written very accurate- 
ly of cold bathing, without depreciating that in the 
sea ; but for my part, the latter is much preferable 
than the former, because the specific gravity of the 
sea is increased by the salt. Besides the salt, as a 
stimulus, is an efficient cleanser of the glands of the 
skin ; and those who come out of the bath perceive a 
kind of firmness, with heat over the whole surface of. 
their bodies, which is a fore-runner of re-established 
health. But if this heat does not come on spon- 
taneously, it is to be procured by moderate exercise. 

" Salt water is not simply a cold bath, but a cold 
medicated bath ; and yet whatever virtues this water 
may have, we cannot so exactly calculate its force as 
to determine what number of immersions are sufficient 
for the recovery of any particular patient. Yet some 
are so silly as to expect this, and sometimes physi- 
cians are so rash as to pretend to comply with their 
requests." 

.. Dr. Speed enumerates a variety of cases cured by 
the internal and external application of sea-water, 
namely, the Scrophulous Disease, or the King's Evil } 
the Scurvy, the Palsy, the Epilepsy, the Rhuematism, 
Disorders of the Nerves, the Gravel, fyc. 

The popularity of the above writers increased the 
confidence of the public in the efficacy of sea-water, 
as a remedy in the cure and prevention of diseases. 
However, the use of cold, tepid, and sea-vapour baths 
were almost neglected ; for we find by the remarks of 



136 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

M. L. Este, Esq. 1812, a Member of the Royal Col- 
lege of Surgeons, " that he considers it a subject of re- 
gret, that hot and vapour baths, and certain other ex- 
pedients, commonly resorted to with the happiest 
effects as indulgences, and preservatives of health, in 
other countries should be forgotten in our own. No- 
thing can be more conducive to the health, strength, 
and well-being of man than the judicious use of baths. 
They prove useful, not only in allaying pain, but in 
restoring patients reduced by fevers, whether con- 
tinued, remittent, or intermittent, and by the use of 
mercury, to their former health and vigour." 

The sea in the coldest weather is seldom lower 
than 40 degrees, or higher in the hottest summer than 
65 degrees. The temperature of the sea, after a suc- 
cession of sunny days, will sometimes be found as 
high as 66 degrees. Our animal temperature, when 
in health, is at about 96 degrees, or from 95 to 98 de- 
grees. A bath, to deserve the epithet of warm, should 
convey a sensation of warmth to the skin during the 
whole time of immersion. A bath at about 94, al- 
though at a temperature lower than that of the body, 
will nevertheless appear warm, because water is a 
denser or heavier medium than air, and its heat is 
pressed by its weight upon the body immersed ; and 
because perspiration is suspended during immersion 
in warm water, and the constant flow of heat out of 
the body into the atmosphere, necessary for the for- 
mation of the vapour always emanating from the sur- 
face is checked. The tepid bath may be said to begin 
at about 83 degrees, and the warm bath at about 93 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 137 

degrees, to as high a temperature as can be borne short 
of inconvenience. 

The operation of warm baths upon the skin proves 
particularly salutary, if they are steadily and ha- 
bitually used ; for they give the coarsest skin a softness, 
a pliancy, and preserve in it an elasticity and a deli- 
cate whiteness, which no other known expedient can 
impart to it. The blood circulates freely, the body 
feels a voluptuous ease, a flexibility, or rather supple- 
ness, till then unknown — a lightness, as if relieved 
from some enormous weight ; and the bather feels a 
glowing consciousness of existence diffusing itself to 
the very extremities. 

We shall conclude these remarks with a descrip- 
tion of the several baths at Brighton. 



Sea Water, Steam, and Medicated Vapour 
Baths. 

These Baths are situated at the Battery-house, 
overlooking the sea, at the bottom of East-street, and 
near the White-horse Inn, and are prepared and ad- 
ministered by Mr. Mahomed, with the aid of his sur- 
gical skill and practice in the act of Shampooing. 

The mode of operation by Shampooing, and the 
effects of these baths on the human body and consti- 
tution, it may be fairly alledged, that the universal 
remedy, as a panacea, has at length been' dis- 
covered. 



138 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

We shall explain the nature of the sea-water va- 
pour baths, and the art of Shampooing : 

The sanative steam of sea-water just taken from 
the ocean, is an evaporation which evolves and pro- 
duces oxigen, or the purest vital air, far excelling the 
properties of any atmospheric air whatever, and abso- 
lutely necessary for wholesome respiration. This me- 
dicinal and sane vapour, possessing all the virtues 
and salubrity of sea air, is inhaled, or taken into the 
lungs of the patient, and refreshes and purifies the 
blood in its regular circulation throughout the entire 
human mass. The use of these baths have proved an 
infallible cure to many afflicted and diseased patients, 
of which a variety of interesting cases may be seen at 
the bathing-house. 

The unafflicted, in the enjoyment of these baths, 
insure continued freedom from disease, and revel in aa 
innocent luxury before untasted. 



Shampooing. 

The following remarks may be new to many of 
our readers, and they are extracted from a valuable 
work, published by M. L. Este, Esq. late lecturer on 
Animated Nature, &c. wherein he observes, that 

" Shampooing is an expedient neither known or 
understood in this country, but generally used in India 
and the Levant as a luxury, and often resorted to as 
a remedy in very high estimation. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 139 

" The operation is performed by people regularly 
trained to the office, called shampoo men ; and to be 
agreeable, it must be done with art. It consists of 
gently pressing and turning the body, rendered pre- 
viously supple and pliant by the sea-water vapour baths. 
The Shampooing attendant then gently squeezes the 
flesh and muscles with the whole hands, from the ex- 
tremities to the centre, thereby removing every sensa- 
tion of pain ; and concludes his business by rubbing 
the skin briskly, which takes from it all the porous- 
atheromatous obstructions, and renders it as soft and 
smooth as satin. 

" The sensations after steeping and macerating 
a long time in the warm vapour baths, after the pro- 
cess of shampooing, are certainly very different from 
the sensations of weakness — they are delightful ; for 
in the bath, health is admitted at every pore,while the 
latter process imparts to each particular joint its full 
freedom, and all its latitude of motion. The whole 
gives an ease, a pliability, a suppleness, or an activity, 
equally invigorating to the mind and to the body, 
which may serve to correct the prejudices of the re- 
laxing effects of warm bathing." 



Original Hot and Cold Baths. 

After the efficacy of sea-water had been so well 
ascertained, Dr. Awsiter caused a most commodious 



140 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

suite of baths to be erected at the Pool-lane, between 
the Steyne and sea. On one side of a handsome ves- 
tibule are six cold baths, and on the other hot and 
shower baths, which are supplied from the sea by an 
engine. These baths are kept by Mr. G. Wood. 

We have been favoured by a respectable inhabi- 
tant with the following particulars ; and as their inser- 
tion under the proper head was too late, we have no 
doubt that this information will more substantiate our 
former remarks upon the encroachments of the very 
variable element the sea. 

In 1715, about the distance of 350 yards from 
Wood's Original Baths, there stood a house, the resi- 
dence of Mr. Male, a respectable rope-maker. At the 
back of his house was a yard, walled in, and an ex- 
cavated well. Beyond these premises were Mr. Male's 
spacious rope-walks, extending east and west parallel 
with the sea. During the prevalence of the violent 
storms which we have related, the rope-grounds were 
inundated, and lost under the beach. Subsequent 
storms made rapid encroachments upon the house, 
when the proprietor purchased some land, and built 
a dwelling in Steyne-lane, upon the scite of which now 
stands the mansion of Mrs. Fitzherbert. Mr. Male 
had scarcely removed his furniture, and entered his 
new habitation, when a dreadful gale sapped the foun- 
dation of the house and yard walls, and the whole 
was carried away by the water. 

In 1781, the mouth of the well was visible at low 
tides ; but since that period the encroachments of the 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 141 

sea have rendered this last relic of the old town no 
longer visible, as it is now buried in deep water at 
low tide. 

The Royal Baths kept by Mr. Williams are near 
to Wood's Original Baths. 



Bathing. 

To the conveniences of Brighton must be added, 
that of bathing in the sea, at almost every part of the 
day, when proper persons attend at the machines, 
which are constructed upon a safe and commodious 
plan. 

The machines are used apart from each other for 
both sexes, therefore every proper attention is paid U> 
decency. 



Mineral Waters. 

This valuable mineral spring at W T ick, which 
rises about half a mile west of the church, was ana- 
lyzed by Drs. Relhar (successor to Dr. Russel) and 
Henderson. According to the latter 

11 This water, when first taken up from the spving in a 
s;lass, in appearauce greatly resembles a solution of emetic 
tartar in common water. The taste is not unpleasant, some- 



142 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

thing like that upon a knife after it had been used in cutting 
lemons. It does not seem to contain the smallest portion of 
sulphur : it neither changes vegetable blues, red, nor does it 
effervesce with alkaline salts, calcareous earths, magnesia, or 
fossile alkali; neither does it change vegetable blues, green, 
nor does it effervesce with acids; yet it curdles soap, and ren- 
ders a solution of it in various spirits milky. 

*' It seems to contain a considerable portion of calcareous 
earth mixed with the vitriolic acid in the form of its selenites, 
and also a considerable portion of iron, as will appear from the 
following experiment. Sixty-four ounces of this water by 
measure being evaporated to dryness, there was a residuum of 
a brownish colour, full of saline spicnlce, weighing eight 
grains, four grains of which, with an equal quantity of char- 
coal, was mad»? into a paste with oil, and calcined. On trying 
the calcined matter with the magnet, two pieces nearly in a 
metallic form adhered to it ; and when put upon paper, at the 
distance of half an inch, moved in every direction with the 
magnet. These two pieces weighed one eighth of a grain. 

" The gross residuum neither effervesces with alkali nor 
acids, and is sufficiently soluble in water. 

"This water becomes instantly transparent, like distilled 
water, on the addition of any of the minei*al acids, especially 
the vitriolic. 

" A solution of galls in common water, added to an equal 
portion of this water, becomes black like ink, in a few mi- 
nutes. 

" This chalybeate has been found serviceable in several 
cases of general debility, crapulas, indigestion, atony of the 
stomach, fluor albus, and in all those diseases where chaly- 
beate and tonic remedies are required, it promises, under due 
regulation, to be useful." 

A neat building, in the lodge style, is erected by 
the proprietors over this spring, and constant attend- 
ance is given during the season. To the northward 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 143 

some plantations are reared, and within a few yards 
stands a handsome mansion-house, belonging to the 
proprietors of the wells, capable of accommodating a 
family of distinction. 



Memoirs of Dr. Richard Russel, F.R.S.M.D. 

Richard Russel was born 1687, in the parish of 
St. Michael's, Lewes. He was the son of Mr. Na- 
thaniel Russel, a respectable surgeon in that town, 
and after receiving a classical education in the free 
grammar school, at St. Anne's, Lewes, applied to his 
father's profession with that zeal and sagacity which 
distinguished his medical researches through life. 
While assistant to his father, he had occasion fre- 
quently to visit the family of William Kemp, Esq. of 
South Mailing, whose only daughter conceived an 
early partiality for him, and finally evinced her affec- 
tion by a clandestine marriage. Her father, after the 
first emotions of parental pride and indignation, be- 
came too sensible of his son-in-law's merits, to betray 
my lasting resentment at the young lady's choice. 

A reconciliation took place, and Mr. Russel, 
anxious to improve the advantages of his union with 
so respectable and wealthy a family, went to Leyden, 
then the most celebrated university in Europe for me- 
dical knowledge. There he acquired, under the in- 
struction and friendship of the learned Bosrhaave, a 



144 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

fund of professional science, which afterwards proved 
a blessing to his native country, and no inconsider- 
able light to the medical world. 

On his return to England, he was ehcted Fellow 
of the Royal Society, and Doctor of Physic. Aftex 
the death of his father-in-law, he resided some years 
at South Mailing, and in 1750, removed to this town, 
where he practised with great celebrity for the remain- 
der, of his life. He began to revive and improve on 
the long-lost medical use of sea- water. By unwearied 
and successful attention to scrophulous and other glan- 
dular complaints, under a marine course, he extended 
the fame, both of his practice and residence all over the 
kingdom. 

From this period the erection of lodging-house* 
now became a profitable speculation in this town ; and 
from a poor obscure fishing-place it began to increase 
in population and celebrity. 

The wonderful success of this industrious phy- 
sician, appeared by several cases in his Dissertation 
on the Use of Sea-Water. The most eminent mem. 
hers of the faculty in England [bore willing testimouy 
to the great acuteness and utility of his professional 
investigations. The present flourishing state of 
Brighton, and every benefit which the diseased have 
ever since receiyed from sea water, are therefore, in a 
great measure, to be imputed to the medical labours 
and sagacity of that good man. He also caused a 
valuable mineral spring at Wick, about half a mile 
from the town, to be inclosed within a bason ; and a 
convenient little building was afterwards erected over 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 145 

it. The proprietors of a new street, named it after 
him, in grateful commemoration of his important ser- 
vices to the town. The mansion on the margin of the 
South Steyne, was the residence of this celebrated 
physician, which now bears the name of Russel- 
house. 

His great industry and acuteness in experiments, 
appeared in two treatises, which he published, one on 
the Economy of Nature, and the other on the Efficacy 
of Sea Water in Glandular Complaints. 

They were first written in Latin, in an elegant 
style ; and in the preface to the latter, the author, 
with ingenious gratitude, i acknowledges some correc- 
tions by the learned pen of Mr. Jeremiah Markland, 
of Uckfield. But the highest testimonies to the judg- 
ment and reputation of Dr. Russel are, that few of his 
principles or theories have been overturned by the 
modern improvements in medicine, and that many of 
the first families in Sussex. still preserve his prescrip- 
tions with veneration, and often apply them with the 
happiest effect. 

This great man lived to an old age with unim- 
paired faculties, until his constitution gave way to na- 
ture after a most active life. He went to London on a 
visit, where he was taken ill, and suffering a short ill- 
ness, terminated his dissolution, sincerely regretted 
by, all who knew him, and by those also who knew 
him not, but by his works. He died aged 72, and was 
interred in the family vault, at South Mailing, on the 
25th of December 1759. 

The late Rev. Dr. Manningham eulogised Dr. 



146 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Russel in the following epigram, by the elegant sim- 
plicity of its composition — 

" Admiring ages Rasters fame shall know, 
Till Ocean's healing waters cease to flow." 

The following lines were written by the son of 
Dr. Russel, whose professional skill had so much in- 
creased the prosperity of this town, by recommending 
its Waters, Sea-air, and Bathing — 

" Brighthelmstone was confess 1 d by all, 

To abound with females fair j 
Bat more so since fam'd Russel has 

Preferred the waters there ; 
Then fly that dang'roas town ye swain*, 

For fear ye shall endure, 
A panic from some bright, sparkling eye, 

Which RussePs skill can't cure." 




LIBRARIES. 



Under the article of the Steyne we have men- 
tioned Donaldson's Library from its commencement, 
and all that we can observe is but little recommenda- 
tion, since its proximity to the most fashionable 
parade in the kingdom; — its spacious accommoda- 
tions — its agreeable rendezvous for the gay and po- 
lite — the blending of pleasure and cheerful recreation 
in the Loos, conducted during the summer evenings, 
with the morning conversatione parties of literary cha- 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 147 

racters, so fully completes the melange of rational en- 
tertainment, that it is only to come and see the busy 
routine of active life, either in the pursuit of intellectual 
enjoyments, or in the less interesting indulgences of an 
evening's amusement. It would be invidious to pass 
an eulogium on Donaldson, as a senior librarian, be- 
cause his exertions to command public patronage are 
made evident from the internal advantages which the 
public derive from this library in accommodation and 
fashionable entertainment. Donaldson's catalogue of 
books contain 15,000 volumes. 

The next library we mention is that on the Ma- 
rine-parade, now conducted by Mr. Tuppen. Its 
pleasant and agreeable situation, and having a view 
of the Ocean is one recommendation ; — that of being a 
commodious room is certainly of considerable advan- 
tage to the visitors, and, of course, it will always com- 
mand a corresponding share of public partiality. "We 
have no doubt but the present Proprietor will combine 
all those necessary appendages to this library, which, 
for so many seasons, entertained its literary friends, 
by storing the reading tables with newspapers, pe- 
riodical publications, telescopes, &c. The agreeable 
and fashionable amusement of Loos in the evening was 
carried on at this library with a degree of speculative 
competition ; but unfortunately for poor Pam, the ma- 
gistrates, at the close of last year, took an antipathy 
against him, owing to the unbounded patronage he 
received from the ladies in general, that they thought 
Pam was an unwelcome resident, and by their mandate, 
h 2 



148 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

supported by an obsolete law of Henry VIII., he was 
excommunicated from the libraries without benefit of 
an appeal. Pams return to his station at Donaldson's, 
Tuppen's and Wright's libraries is a consummation 
devoutly wished by the votaries of fashion and ra- 
tional enjoyment. Pam had in his train an orchestra 
of instrumental and vocal performers, who were en- 
gaged to entertain his company with select pieces of 
music and singing. But we trust that there exists no 
animosity against this amusement being introduced 
into the libraries, and that its renewal will restore good 
nature, cheerfulness, and gaiety, in all its attendant 
variations. The monthly Subscriptions at the above 
Libraries are 8s., and annual £\ lis. 6d. 

Choat's Library. 

This establishment is in North-street, and for 
some time, it has been celebrated as the emporium 
of literature ; and we may observe, that, from this 
consideration, it has become distinguished for literary 
support. Possessing a library, selected with dis- 
crimination, which an examination of the catalogue 
of 12,000 volumes, evidently contains, besides a 
reading-room, furnished with the principal London 
Daily and Weekly Newspapers, the Provincial Papers, 
Magazines, Reviews, and new Periodical Publications, 
we are not surprised at the patronage of the nobility 
and gentry to this mart of literature, of politics, &c. 
The Proprietor is continually adding new works of 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 149 

established merit to his repository. The terms of 
subscription are 6s. per month, and one guinea per 
annum. 

New Circulating Library, 
Pavilion Parade. 

This year, Mr. T. H. Wright, (proprietor of the 
Music Saloon,) has opened a Circulating Library of 
new books, consisting of Travels, Voyages, History, 
Poetry, Biography, Natural History, French, Italian, 
&c. ; — also, a well selected collection of the most ap- 
proved Novels, Romances, Tales, and Plays, Morning 
and Evening Papers, Periodical Publications, &c. &c. 
Notwithstanding the recency of this establishment, it 
is supported by the nobility and gentry, with a cor- 
responding subscription, commensurate with the exer- 
tions of the Proprietor. 

Terms — Yearly subscriptions, ^€1 Is.; half 
yearly, 15s.; quarterly, lis.; monthly, 6s. 

Besides the above, which are considered the 
principal, we have a well selected library of books, 
carried on by Mr. Eason, in Great East-street, con- 
taining 4000 volumes, selected from the best authors. 
The Eagle Library is conducted by Mr. Sawyer, in 
Middle-street : and another in Castle- square, by Mr, 
White. 



h 3 



150 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Music Libraries. 

The Music Saloon and Circulating Library, in 
Pavilion-parade, by Mr. Wright, likewise accommo- 
dates visitors and inhabitants with the use of all the 
best and approved new compositions of music to sub- 
scribers, upon a similar plan adopted with books, by 
the month, quarter, or year. Erard's, Erat's, Dodd's, 
and Barry's Patent Harps, with Broadwood's, Tom- 
kinson's, and Wilkinson's Grand Cabinet and Square 
Piano Fortes are also let out to hire. 

Mr. Menke, in Great East-street, has also a Mu- 
sic Library, conducted upon the same principles. 

Those Ladies and Gentlemen who frequent the 
Libraries, in order to prevent their being disappointed 
of books in the hurry of the season, shmild write out 
a list of 15 or 20 numbers from the catalogue, by 
which means they would be sure of some amusing 
work, if the particular one wished for should be out. 

It would be an important consideration to the 
librarians, if the subscribers, previous to their depar- 
ture, would kindly direct their attention to the return 
of books to the respective libraries. It is incalculable 
to what losses of property the librarians are obliged 
to submit, in consequence of these inadvertent 
omissions. 

The Morning Daily Papers are regularly received 
at the Libraries, early in the afternoon of the same 
day of publication in London, by the coaches. The 
Price of Stocks, up to 2 o'clock in the afternoon, i* 






BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 151 

known at the coach offices by half past 8 the same 
night. Therefore, all news of importance is known 
at Brighton, within 6 hours after it has transpired in 
London ; — an advantage that no other watering-place 
in the kingdom enjoys. 



BOARDING HOUSES. 

The convenience of these establishments in 
Brighton, for the accommodation of visitors and com- 
pany, are too well appreciated to require any flatter- 
ing commendation in this work. They are acknow- 
ledged to have all the advantages of an Inn, and, 
at the same time, to combine all the comforts of a 
domestic residence at a family mansion. 

The terms for boarding, &c. in these houses, we 
believe, are regulated by one charge, viz. — Board and 
Lodging, £2 12s. 6d. per week : — Board, without 
Lodging, £2 2s. In the above charges, tea and 
coffee are included, but not wines. 

The servants of the respective boarders are ac- 
commodated at half price. 

Mr. Churcher's Mansion Boarding-house, at the 
corner of Charles-street, fronting the Marine- 
parade. 

Mrs. French's Marine Mansion Boarding-house, 
Marine-parade. 

h 4 



152 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Mr. West's, German-place, and fronting the Marine - 

parade, established 1808. 
Mrs. M'George, 25 and 2n, Grand-parade. 
Mrs. Hurlstone, Grand-parade. 
Mrs. Parkes, 15, Grand-parade. 



HOTELS AND TAVERNS. 



Castle Tavern. 

On the west side of the Steyne, near the Marine 
Pavilion, and in Castle-square, stands this celebrated 
tavern. When the town first began to assume a po- 
pularity, Mr. Shergold purchased a small house, then 
accounted the best in the town for a tavern. It was 
opened, under the sign of the Castle, in 1755. As 
the visitors began to increase, the house was enlarged, 
and Messrs. Tilt and Best engaged in partnership 
with Mr. Shergold, in 1776. The other partners hav- 
ing given up the business, in 1790, to Mr. Tilt, it was 
carried on by him, and subsequently by his widow, 
until 1814, when Messrs. Gilburd and Harryett, the 
present Proprietors, undertook this weighty concern, 
and they have likewise improved the house. 

Besides a handsome Coffee-room fronting the 
Steyne lawn, and other commodious apartments suited 
to the business of a tavern, there are an elegant suite 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 153 

of Assembly and Concert Rooms, built with infinite 
taste and judgment by Mr. Crunden, of London, 
in 1776 

The anti-room measures 30 feet by 20, and com- 
municates with the tea and coffee-rooms, which are 
exceedingly neat, and also with the card-room, all of 
corresponding dimensions. The ball-room is 90 feet 
by 45, and 35 in heighth, and from the ceiling are 
suspended three very large and elegant chandeliers 
of cut glass. The room forms a rectangle, decorated 
with columns, corresponding with the pilasters round 
the room, and dividing the recesses into a variety of 
compartments, ornamented with paintings, suitable 
for an assembly and concert room. At the north 
end, a beautiful toned organ, was erected in 1814, 
built by Flight and Robson, of London. 

The Assemblies are held every Monday, from 
August to March, under the superintend ance of J. S. 
Forth, Esq. elected Master of the- Ceremonies, 1808. 

Last season — the Proprietors opened these 
rooms three times a week, for Promenade Concerts. 
The elegance of the rooms, and the pleasant melange 
of instrumental and vocal music, contributed to at- 
tract a fashionable assemblage every night of per- 
formance. 

From the success which the proprietors expe- 
rienced last season, the rooms will be again opened 
for a similar routine of amusements, on "the 4th of 
June. 



h 5 



154 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Old Ship Tavern and Marine Hotel. 

This house, so for back as 1650, was known as 
the Ship Inn, and gave name to the street. Of 
course, it was a house in those days confined to a 
parlour and tap-room. But when Dr. Russel resided 
here, it was enlarged, and in his time it was celebrated 
for the resort of the Materia Medica. Mr. Hicks then 
kept the Inn, and, from respect to his guest, he had 
an admirable portrait taken of the Doctor, whose 
name is venerated by the inhabitants of this town, as the 
first person who brought Brighton into repute. The 
Portrait may be seen in the card room. 

This Inn kept increasing with the influx of 
visitors, and since Mr. Shuckard, the present pro- 
prietor has had the management, we may truly de- 
scribe these extensive premises as situated on the 
East Cliff as well as Ship Street, for the coffee-room 
fronts the sea, as well as a number of sitting and bed 
chambers, which have been added so late as 1816. 
For accommodation, this hotel has decidedly the 
preference. From the excellent arrangements ob- 
served throughout each department, it still bears its 
original reputation, on an extended scale. 

The original assembly, concert, and public rooms, 
are situated in Ship street. The ball-room is 80^ feet 
by 37, most handsomely finished, and at the west end 
there is a large music gallery. The tea and card 
rooms are exceedingly neat and convenient. But of 
late vears, the regular assemblies have been discon- 



156 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

The baths are supplied with sea-water by means 
of a large iron main, through a tunnel, excavated 
100 feet below the surface of the ground, and 
running 300 yards to the beach. This tunnel com- 
municates with two sets of pumps of large dimen- 
sions. These pumps are alternately worked by 
steam engines, two of which are in use at this esta- 
blishment. 

The proprietor intends completing a large tepid 
bath of 50 feet in length by 20 in breadth, and of a 
perpendicular depth, for the convenience of tepid sea- 
water bathing in bad weather, when the open sea can- 
not be resorted to. 

The Royal Hotel and Tavern is now un- 
dergoing a complete repair, and will shortly be 
refitted and handsomely furnished, by and under 
the direction of. Messrs. Oakley and Evans, of. Bond 
Street. It will be opened in June 1818. 

Independent of the four principal taverns already 
described, this town has to boast of many others* 
which if not upon so extensive a scale, maintain a 
celebrity among visitors for their excellent accommo- 
dations. 

Bolingbroke's Regent Hotel and Tavern, 
is situated at the corner of Church-street and the 
New Road. This establishment is not inferior to 
any in Brighton, since the present proprietor ha* 
completed its improved accommodations. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 157 

Allen, Mr. White Horse Tavern, Great East-street. 
Howell, Mr. New Ship Tavern, Ship-street. 
Sheppard, Mr. Star and Garter Hotel, East Cliff. 



The following Inns have good accommodation for 
travellers and visitors. — 

Avann, Mr. Brewer's Arms, Church-street. 
Davison, Mr. Sussex Arms, East-street. 
Eales, Mr. King's Head, West-street. 
Francis, T. Mr. King's Arms, George-street. 
Fairs, Mr. Richmond Arms, Richmond Place. 
Harrison, Mrs. East Cliff. 

Long, Mr. King and Queen, Marlborough Place. 
Randall, Mr. Royal Oak, St. James's-street. 
Suggers, Mr. City of Hereford, Crescent-street. 
Taylor, Mr. Golden Cross, Prince's-street, near the 

Pavilion Parade. 
Walton, Mr. Norfolk Arms, Bedford Square. 



153 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



PART VIII. 



Town Officers— Physicians— Bankers — Professors of 
Music, Languages, Sfc. — Coaches and Waggons — 
Post Office — Livery Stables, fyc. 



1818. 

Magistrates. — Richard Hurst, Esq. John Henry 
Bates, Esq. and H. Hopkins, Esq. 

Constable. — Richard Bodle, Esq. Constable 

Elect. — Edward Humber, Esq. 

Headboroughs. — John Pocock, King-street; John 
Avann, Church street; William Towner, North- 
street; William Snelling, Ship-street; Henry Heriot, 
St. James's-street ; Shadrach Pocock, King-street ; 
Thomas Mascall, Ship-street; and Mr. Abraham 
Gower, Trafalgar Place. 

Churchwardens. — Mr. Edw. Blaker, Mr. Cornelius 
Paine, and Mr. Robert Ackerson. 

Overseers. — Mr. George Wigney; Mr. Isaac 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 159 

Cooper; Mr. Spencer Western; and Mr. John 
Pollard. 



John Smith, Esq. Vice Consul to the French 
government, &c. for the county of Sussex, 51, St. 
James's-street, who is empowered to grant pass- 
ports for the Continent. 



Solicitors. 

Messrs. Brooker and Coldbatch, Clerks to the Ma- 
gistrates, Prince's Place, North Street. 

Mr. T. Attree, Treasurer and Clerk to the Com- 
missioners, and Town Clerk, Ship-street. 

Mr. T. Crosweller, Clerk to the Commissioners of 
Roads, St. James's-street. 

Messrs. Hill and Furner, Edward-street. 

Mr. Cobby, Brighton Place. 

Mr. Henry Bellingham, Black Lion-street. 

Mr. Read, Duke-street, (opposite Middle-street.) 



Physicians, &c. 

M. J. Tierney, Esq. M. D. Physician Extraordinary 

to the Prince Regent, South Parade. 
Dr. Gibney, Castle Square. 
Dr. Price, West Parade, Steyne. 
Dr. Blair, Steyne Place, Steyne. 
Dr. Dennison, Broad Street. 



160 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Surgeons. — Bond, Hall, Newnham, and Brewster, 

North-street. 
Barratt and Blaker, Surgeons and Apothecaries to 

the Prince Regent's household, West-street.. 
Bethune, Mr. St. James's-street. 
Battcock aud Wattsford, Messrs. St. James's-street 

and Steyne Place. 
Coleman, Mr. St. James's-street. 
Conolly, Mr. P. St. James's-street. 
Dix, Mr. East-street. 
Mahomed, Mr. Shampooing Surgeon, Battery House, 

East-street. 
Pitt, Mr. East-street. 
Touray, Mr. Apothecary and Accoucheur, Grand 

Parade. 
Sidneysmith, John, Apothecary, 28, Ship-street. 

Dentists. — Mr. Bew, Dentist to his Royal High- 
ness the Prince Regent, and his Royal Highness 
the Duke of Clarence, Great East-street. 

Mr. Fletcher, Surgeon Dentist, and Chiropodist, 3, 
Upper Ship-street. 

Mr. Burrougs, Veterinary Surgeon, Carlton Place. 

Mr. Molineux, Cupper, Broad-street. 

Chemists. — Glaizyer and Kemp, Mess. North-street. 

Phillipson, Mr. St. James's-street. 

Sarel, Mr. (late Savory and Moore), St. James'i 

Street. 
Blacklock, Mr. South Parade, Steyne. 



i 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 161 



BANKERS. 

The long experience, and well established re- 
spectability of the banking establishments in this 
town, have proved a guarantee of such momentary 
importance, that the public confidence is co-equal 
with their opulence and responsibility. 

The Original Bank, (established 1787) North 
street, under the firm of Michell, Mills, and Co. 
This house draws on Sir J. Perring, and Co. Corn- 
hill. Hours of attendance from ten to four o'clock. 

The Union Bank, carried on under the firm 
of Hall, Lashmar, West, &c. nearly opposite the 
Old Bank, North Street. This house draws on 
Messrs. Jones, Loyd, and Co. Lothbury. Hours of 
business from ten to five. 



The Brighthelmstone Bank, in Castle 
Square, with a second entrance in Steyne Lane, 
under the firm of Wigney, Stanford, and Valances. 
This establishment draws on Messrs. Masterman and 
Co. White Hart Court, Lombard-street. Hours of at- 
tendance from ten to five. 



162 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Seminaries. 

In this department of literature, Brighton cer- 
tainly claims a priority, not only in the number of its 
academies, but from the many respectable tutors 
which are concentrated within its vicinity, who give 
instruction in the various branches of the arts 
and sciences. The reputation of the proprietors of 
these establishments is a sufficient guarantee to the 
parents and guardians of youth of both sexes, for their 
ability and attention to the system of education per- 
sued ; for the attainment of commercial and classical 
instruction, as well as for perfection in the useful 
and refined accomplishments. 

Bulley and Burfleld, Misses. Boarding and Day 

Academy, 26, Black Lion street. 
Collett and Michell, Misses, for a limited number of 

pupils, Preston, near Brighton. 
Cooke and Ward, Messrs. Principal Day Academy, 

1 1, German Place. 
Dempster, Mr. Marlborough Place, and Baron House 

Academy, Mitcham. 
Gillyatt, Mr. T. North Hall, (formerly of Islington,) 

near London. 
Hobsen, Misses, Devonshire Academy, Devonshire- 
place. 
Hooker, Rev. Dr. Rottingdean. 
Jackson, Miss, St. James's-street. 
Kemp, Mrs. Preparatory Academy for young.gentle- 

men, 15, Devonshire Place. 
Lawton, Mrs. Colonade House, Pavilion Parade. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 163 

MoreH, Rev. J. L. L. D. Classical and Mathematical 
Academy, for a limited number, 2, Gloucester-place. 
Norton, Mrs. Cliff House, West Cliff. 
Orderson,Mrs. 32, Bedford Square, for a limited num- 
ber of young ladies. 
Powell, Miss, Boarding and Day Academy, 2, North 

Buildings. 
Rickard Thomas, Mr. 35, West-street. 
Rickwood, Miss, 59, West-street. 
Swinley, Mrs. 3, Crescent. 
Saunders, Mr. 53, Middle-street. 
Serjeant, Mrs. Preparatory School for young gentle- 
men, Bedford-house, West Cliff. 
Scutt, Mrs. W. 30, West-street. 
Snelling and Shelley, Misses, Boarding and Day 

School, 3, Dorset-gardens. 
Seek and Lansell, Misses, 10, Ship-street. 
Stocker, Mr. Boarding and Day academy, 68, Great 

East-street. 
Tate, Mr. Classical and English Academy, Dorset 

gardens. 
Tilt, Mr. Classical Seminary, Ship-street. 
Turness, Mr. Day Academy, near Brighton Place. 
Wynn, Miss, Bedford Place, West Cliff. 



Professors of Music, Languages, &c. 

Aibin, Mrs. teacher of the piano-forte, 1 3, North-row,. 

Brighton. 
Ashhurst, Mr. teacher of the classics, 32, Ship-street. 



164 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Atkinson, Mr. profilist to His Royal Highness the 
Prince Regent, at Mr. Foakes, linen-draper, next 
door to the Blue-coach-office, Castle-square. 
Cooke, N. Mr. music teacher, and organist of the 

parish church, 9, New-street. 
Clements, Miss, teacher of the piano-forte and harp, 
and organist of the Chapel Royal, 4, Prince's- 
place, North-street. 
Clements, Mr. piano-forte-maker, and music-seller, 

opposite the Chapel Royal. 
Colquhoun, H. Mr. teacher of the flute, 13, Carlton- 

hill. 
Chamrovzove, Mr. teacher of the flute, Duke-street. 
Cohen, E. H. Mr. teacher of the Hebrew and German 

languages, 43, Russel-street. 
Cianchettini, Madame, (sister to the late J. L. Dussek), 

teacher of the piano-forte, 1, North-parade. 
Clerc, Le Mr. teacher of the French language and 

geography, 35, East-cliff. 
Cohen, L. E. Mr. teacher of the Latin, French, and 

English languages, 43, Russel-street. 
Ferrara, Madame, teacher of the piano-forte, 4, 

Manchester-street. 
Fischel, Mr. A. (from the university of Prague) teacher 
of the Hebrew, French,' German, and Dutch lan- 
guages. Address, Mr. Lewis, Upper Ship-street. 
Harris, John, Mr. teacher of the harp, 26, Margaret- 
street. 
Holroyd, Mr. miniature-painter, 31, New-street. 
Hedgcock, Mr. teacher of the piano-forte, andorganist 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 165 

of St. James's chapel, 13, West-street, or at 
Donaldson's library. 

Kirchner, Mr. piano-forte tuner, teacher of the 
violoncelli, violin, &c. 8, New-street. 

Lloyd, Mr. teacher of the piano-forte, and professor 
of singing and dancing, 3, New-road, and Old 
Ship Assembly-rooms. 

Menke, Mr. teacher of the piano-forte, Music-library, 
East-street. 

Medley, Miss, M. A. teacher of the piano-forte, 27, 
Russel- street. 

Marchant, Mr. teacher of writing, arithmetic, geo- 
graphy, the method of drawing maps, &c. 49, 
North-street. 

Pollard, Mr. drawing-master, at Mr. Chalk's toy- 
shop, 4, St. James's-street. 

Scott, Mr. C. and W. drawing-masters and teachers, 
2, New-street. 

Sawyer, Mr. private teacher of Latin, English, 
writing, and the elements of mathematics, Eagle- 
library and Insurance-office, 34, (top of) Middle- 
- street. 

Straccia, Mr. teacher of the Italian language, 12, 
Duke-street. 

Vining, Mrs. (of the Theatre Royal), tutoress in 
dancing, 26, Upper Russel-street. 

Wright, T. H. Mr. teacher of the piano-forte and harp, 
Music-saloon and Circulating-library, Pavilion- 
parade. 

Wright, T. H. Master, (son of Mr. T. H. Wright) 
Professor of the Harp, Pavilion-parade. 



166 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Wright, M. A. Miss, (sister to Mr. T. H. Wright,) pro- 
fessor and teacher of the piano-forte and singing, 
Pavilion-parade. 



Printers and Engravers. 

The Brighton Herald Newspaper is published 
early every Saturday morning, in Prince's-place, North- 
street, by Mr. W. Fleet. As a provincial print it 
is certainly entitled to that widely extended patronage, 
which its independence in political and domestic in- 
telligence has obtained. This newspaper has been 
established upwards of 13 years. 

Forbes, Mr. Market-street. 

Ruddock, Mr. Brighton-place. 

Alford, Mr. engraver, Great East-street. 



COACH CONVEYANCES. 

Crosweller's Blue Coach Office,- 

Castle Square. 

The Original Accommodation Coaches to Lon- 
don, every morning at 9 o'clock, through Cuckfield, 
Ryegate, Sutton, &c. to the New White-horse-cellar, 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 167 

Piccadilly ; and Blossom Inn, Lawrence-lane, Cheap- 
side. Also, coaches at 12 and 2 o'clock during the 
summer season to the above Inns. 

Worthing, Arundel, Chichester, and Portsmouth 
Post Coach, every morning at half past 9 o'clock, to 
the Crown Inn, Portsmouth. 

Hastings Post Coach, in 7 hours, (coastways) 
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings, through 
Newhaven, Seaford, Eastbourne, &c. to the Swan 
Inn, Hastings. 



Bradford's Coach Office, 
53, Great East Street. 

A Post Coach, every morning at 9 o'clock, to 
the Bull Inn, Holborn ; Black Bear, Piccadilly ; and 
Green Man and Still, Oxford-street. 

Lewes Post Coach, every evening at 6 o'clock. 

Union General Coach Office, 
9, Castle Square. 

The Royal Clarence, every morning at 9 
o'clock, through Horsham, Dorking, &c. to the White 
Bear, Piccadilly; and Bull Inn, Bishopsgate- street, 
London. 

The Regent, every morning, at 10 o'clock, to 
the Golden Cross, Charing Cross, andCross Keys, 
Wood-street. 



168 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

The Times, every afternoon at 2 o'clock, through 
Hicksted, to the Golden Cross, Charing-cross, and 
Cross Keys, Wood-street. 

The Original Lewes Post Coach, every morning 
at half past 6 o'clock. 

The Hastings Post Coach, through Lewes every 
Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday morning, at half past 
eight o'clock. 

Spread Eagle Office, 
2, Castle Square. 

Snow's Dart, through Hicksted, Crawley, Rye- 
gate and Croydon, every morning at 6 o'clock, (Sunday 
excepted) to the Spread' Eagle Inn, Grace-church- 
street, and Ship, Charing-cross. 

The Comet, through the above Towns, and to 
the same London Inns, every morning at 10 o'clock. 

A Post Coach every afternoon, at two o'clock, 
through Hicksted, &c. to the same Inns in London. 

Witchchurch's Original Dart Office, 

135, North Street. 

The Dart, every morning at 6 o'clock, to the 
Bull Inn, Leadenhall-street ; and Black Bear, Picca- 
dilly. 

The Umpire, every afternoon at 2 o'clock, to 
the above Inns in London. Both these coaches go 
through Hicksted, Crawley, Ryegate, and Croydon. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 169 



Red Office, 10, Castle Square. 

Rugeroh's Irresistible Post Coach, every 
morning at 10 o'clock, through Cuckfield, Ryegate, 
Sutton, Clapham, &c. to Sanderson's, Boar and Cas- 
tle, Oxford-street; Gloucester Coffee-house, Picca- 
dilly ; and the City 

The Pavilion Coach, every morning, at eight 
o'clock, through Hicksted, to the White Horse, 
Fetter-lane. 



Hine's Office, 52, East Street. 

The Alert Post Coach, every morning at nine 
o'clock, through Cuckfield, Ryegate, Sutton, &c. to 
the Old Bull, Holborn ; Waldegrave's Hotel, Bishops- 
ate-street; and Brown's, 248, Oxford-street. 

Phipp's Worthing Coach, sets off from the 
Coach-office and Fruit-warehouse, East-street, every 
morning at 10 o'clock, and returns at 7 o'clock the 
same evening. 



WAGGONS. 

Bradford's Warehouse, Great East- street, 
every Monday and Thursday, to the Nag's-head Inn, 
Borough ; Bell Inn, Holborn ; and Black Bear, Pic- 
cadilly. 



170 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Crosweller's Warehouse, at the corner of 
Little East-street, every Monday and Thursday, to 
Hatchett's, New White-horse Cellar, Piccadilly; 
Swan, Holborn-bridge ; and George Inn, Borough. 

Davis's Warehouse, 66, Middle-street, every 
Wednesday and Friday evening, to the Old White- 
horse Cellar, Piccadilly ; and Talbot Inn, Borough. 

Hope and Co's. Warehouse, adjoining the Post- 
office, every Wednesday and Saturday evening, to the 
White Bear, Piccadilly ; Green Man and Still, Ox- 
ford-street ; Bull Inn, Bishopsgate-street ; and White- 
Hart Inn, Borough. 

Patching's Warehouse, 107, North-street, every 
Monday and Thursday, to the King's-Head, Borough. 

The Brighton and Portsmouth Carrier's Ware- 
house, Little Castle-square, adjoining the Gun Tavern, ■ 
East Cliff. 

The Tunbridge Wells' Caravan, from the Grey- 
hound, East-street. 

The Brighton and Lewes Caravan, from the Ware- 
house in New-street. 



The Local Conveyances in Brighton are innumerable. 

A nouvelle kind of four-wheel vehicles, drawn by 
a man and an assistant, are very accommodating to 
visitors and the inhabitants. They are denominated 
Flys, a name given by a gentleman at the Pavilion, 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 171 

upon their first introduction in 1816 ; and as they 
have superseded the sedan-chairs, we have given the 
list of fares, for the use of these vehicles, at the end 
of the work. 



The Assinary. 

In this town we find numbers of that patient 
animal, Asses, employed in either buggy, gig, tandem, 
or curricle, as whim or caprice leads the assinine hirer. 
It is ludicrous enough to see sometimes two corpulent 
persons drawn in a vehicle by two or four donkies. 
But it is the fashion to be singular ; and as their ex- 
hibition constitutes no inconsiderable source of mirth 
with the young and old, we have only to report that 
the Asses are generally well fed and looked after, and 
show good speed. The Sans Culotte appearance of the 
postillions will always excite a smile. 

The visitors, with their young folks, will be glad 
to learn, that there are plenty of ponies let out to hire 
by several riding masters, who teach their pupils the 
management of the animal, and the first rudiments of 
equestrian exploits. 



Aquatic Excursions. 

Here are plenty of boats, in which, for a few 
shillings, you may be wafted along the coast in safety 
i 2 



172 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

Reclining at ease the voyager has it in his power to 
recognize the beauties of the Land and of the Ocean, 
so that the thoughtful mind gratifies its relish for the 
works of creation. 



Post Office. 

This office is situated in Prince's-place, North- 
street, under the management of Mr. J. Redifer, the 
Post-master. 

The Mail for London is dispatched every night, 
(except Saturday.) Letters for this mail are received 
until nine o'clock; after that hour, one penny is 
charged until half past nine ; and from half past nine 
to ten, 6d. at which hour the bags are sealed up. 

For the better accommodation of the town, the 
letter-carriers go round the whole neighbourhood with 
a bell, to collect in all letters, between the hours of 
eight and nine o'clock. 

The Mail from London arrives at the post office, 
every morning at four o'clock, (Monday excepted.) 
Letters and Papers may be Obtained at the post-office 
window, at half past seven o'clock. The postmen 
complete the delivery of letters in the town in four 
hours afterwards. 

The Lewes Mail is dispatched every evening at 
seven o'clock precisely, which takes all letters for the 
eastern parts of Sussex, and to most parts of Kent. 

There is also another Mail to Lewes, at ten o'clock 
every evening. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 173 

The Chichester Mail is made up every morning, 
at four o'clock, and leaves the London bags for Shore- 
Steyning, Arundel, and Chichester. All letters to 
the western parts, as far as the Land's End, are sent 
by the Cross Post. 

There is a messenger dispatched from the post- 
office, every morning at half past seven o'clock, who 
takes the letters for Preston, Patcham, Piccombe, 
Clayton, as far as Hurstperpoint. 

Also another messenger dispatched from the post- 
office, at the above-mentioned hour, who delivers all 
letters to the Crescent, beyond No. 59, Marine-parade, 
to the Crescent, and to Rottingdean. The messenger 
brings back letters the same evening. 

The infinite number of mistakes which frequently 
happen during the summer, in regard to letters being 
sent to wrong people, or lying at the post-office many 
days, and, at last, returned to the dead-letter box in 
London, lias been long complained of as a great evil 
at watering-places. 

The only way to prevent these unpleasant cireum- 
cumstances, is for every person, as soon as they are 
settled in their houses, to leave their Christian and 
Surname, and place of abode, at the post-office ; and 
likewise, when they leave Brighton, where they wish 
their letters to be sent after them. 

It frequently happens that many persons of the 
same surname come down to Brighton about the same 
time, and therefore too much care cannot be taken to 
i 3 



174 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

prevent letters falling into wrong hands ; and this can 
only be by leaving a correct address with the post- 
master. 

Postage for Letters Inland. 

Distance not exceeding 13 miles 

Exceeding 15 miles, not exceeding 20 

30 50 

50 80 

80 120 

120 170 

170 230 

200 300 

The above are the charges for single letters. 
No letter or packet charged as more than three letters, 
unless it weighs one ounce ; above that weight, the 
price of a single letter is charged for every quarter of 
an ounce. 

A packet postage of 3d. is charged for letters 
going to Ireland, Isle of Man, Guernsey or Jersey, in 
addition to the postage for the number of miles on 
land. 

The postage of letters for France, and all foreign 
parts, must be paid at the office. 



s. 


cL 





4 





S 





7 





8 





9 





10 





11 


1 






BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 175 



Livery Stables. 

Ariss, John, Marlborough-mews, opposite theRegent's- 
stables, Church-street. 

Buckwell, Thomas, Norfolk-mews, Bedford-square. 

Crosweller andBlaber, Mess. St. James's-street-mews, 
German-place-mews, and Bedford-row-mews. 

Child, John, Livery and Commission-stables, Carlton- 
street. 

Gourd, Stephen, Circus-mews, back of Sussex-place. 

Hicks, Alexander, Old Ship-stables; Royal-mews, 
back of South-parade ; and St. James's-mews, St. 
JamesVstreet. 

Knowles, George, Livery and Private-stables, George- 
street. 

Longhurst, C. Crescent-mews, Crescent-street. 

Maiben, William, Golden-cross-mews, Princes-streets ; 
and Castle-mews, North-street. 

Penfold, Mr. Livery and Private-stables, George- 
street. 

Ryder, Mr. Livery and Private-stables, Margaret- 
street. 

Sanders, William, Livery and Private-stables, Rock- 
gardens, top of St. James's-street. 

Stead, Abraham, Grand-parade-mews, North-steyne. 

Shaw, Mrs. Collonade-mews, bottom of Edward- 
street. 

Thorn, James, Nelson-mews, Russel-street. 

West, Mr. Royal-hotel-stables, and Rock-mews, St 
James's-street. 



176 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 



Letters of Horses, &c. 

Howorth, Mr. New Steyne-street and Margaret- 
street. 

Hartwell, Mr. North-row, near the King and Queen, 
M arlborough-place . 

Piatt, Mr. 26, Margaret-street-. 

Shewbridge, Mr. George-street. 

Thorn, Mr. bottom of West-street. 



Riding Masters and Teachers. 

Peck, Mr. 16, George-street. 
Clarke, Mr. 31, Middle-street. 



Bathing Regulations. 

1. That the Ladies' Bathing Machines dp stand 
between the Steyne-groyne and Pump-groyne, on the 
East-clifF: and that the Gentlemen's Bathing Ma- 
chines do stand on the east side of the post affixed on 
the beach eastward of the -Steyne-groyne. That the 
rest of the Ladies Bathing Machines do stand on the 
West-cliff, nearly facing West-street and Belle Vue ; 
and the Gentlemen's Bathing Machines nearly oppo- 
site the Battery, on the same Cliff; according to the 
marks put down for that purpose. 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 177 

2. That no Bather demand or take more than one 
shilling a time for bathing each lady or gentleman, 
nor more than sixpence for each child or servant, 
under the penalty of ten shillings for every such 
offence. 

3. That every person found undressing on the 
beach, and bathing, (except from a machine) between 
the posts affixed opposite the Norfolk-arms on the 
West-cliff, and the Crescent on the East-cliff, of this 
town, do forfeit and pay the sum of five pounds for 
every such offence. 

4. An person being an invalid, and unable to 
pay the expence of bathing from a machine, may 
receive an order Gratis, by applying every Friday, 
either by letter or in person, to the Directors and 
Guardians, at the Town-hall, from the hour of eleven 
to one o'clock. 



Sedan Chair and Fly Regulations* 

That no Chairman or Flyman demand or take more 
than the following fares, under the penalty of twenty 
shillings for every offence — 

SEDAN CHAIR FARES. 

s. d. 
From the Castle, Chapel Royal, Theatre, or Royal aud 

Old Baths, not exceeding tine distance of West-street 1 0" 
Ditto, passing West-street to Russel-street, Artillery- 
place, and Bedford-row 16 



178 BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 

From the Castle, Chapel Royal, Theatre, or Royal and 

OKI Baths, to Belle Vue 2 

Ditto, to Bedford-square and extremity of the Parish 

westward 2 6 

Ditto to the New Inn 10 

Ditto, to the top of North-street, Grenville or Clarence- 
place 1 6 

Ditto, to the Steyne, Pavilion parade, Grand-parade, 

or Marlborough-place 10 

Ditto, to Carlton-place, or North-buildings 16 

Ditto, to Gloucester or Richmoud-place 16 

Ditto, to German-place or Dorset-gardeus 10 

Ditto to New-steyne, Devon-shire-street, or the Warm 

Baths there, or Rock-gardens 16 

Ditto, to Bedford-street, or any Bnilding west of the 

Crescent 16 

Ditto, to the Crescent 2 

FLY FARES. 

S. d. 
From the Castle. Chapel Royal, Theatre, or Royal and 
Old Baths, not exceeding the distance of West-street 1 O 

Ditto, not exceeding Belle Vue 1 6 

Ditto, to extremity of the Parish westward 2 

Ditto, to top of North-street, as far as West-street, 
Church-street, New-street, and not exceeding Glou- 
cester or Sussex-place 10 

Ditto, to the extremity of Richmond and York-places • 1 6 
Ditto, to any of the Streets eastward, and Marine- 
parade, not exceeding Devonshire-street, or the 

Warm Baths there, and the New-steyne 10 

Ditto, to Upper and Lower Rock-gardens, not exceed- 
ing the distance of Bedford-street 16 

Ditto, to the Crescent, and not exceeding Crescent Cot- 
tage 2 ° 



BRIGHTON AMBULATOR. 179 

s. d. 
If any Fly is used for the purpose of an airing, the Pro- 
prietor shall only charge for One Hour 16 

One hour and a half 2 

Two hours 2 6 

So in proportion for any excess of time. 

If two grown persons go go in a Chair or Fly 
together, the Fare to be a Half Fare extra, and so in 
proportion for any more persons. 

If a Chair or Fly is ordered and brought to the 
house, and then countermanded, the Chairmen or 
Flymen to receive Is. if countermanded before the 
Chair or Fly is brought to the house, 6d. 

If the Chair or Fly is detained full half an hour 
after its arrival, the Chairmen or Flymen to be entitled 
to receive for the same 6d. in addition to the fare, and 
so in proportion for the time they are detained. 

The Chairmen and Flymen to be entitled to half 
fare additional after two o'clock in the morning. 

That every Chairman or Flyman, who shall refuse 
or neglect to take up a fare, being required so to do, 
(and not being engaged) shall for every such offence 
forfeit and pay the sum of Ten Shillings. v 

That all complaints against persons breaking or 
avoiding the Rules and Regulations above stated, be 
made to the Clerk of the Commissioners without de- 
delay. 

FINIS. 



Pluminer and Brewis, Printeis, Love-lane, Little Lastcheap, London. 



In page 87, instead of the Rev. J. Morell, L. L. D. as 
the resident Pastor, by a subsequent arrangement, read, 

"At the hours of 11 in the morning, and 7 in the evening, 
of every Sunday, Dr. Morrell's House, No. 2, Gloucester 
place, Brighton, is open for the purpose of Divine 
Worship. The liturgy of the church of England, as re- 
formed by Dr. Samuel C'arke, is read constantly in both 
services. Residents and visitors to Brighton, who wish to 
6e accommodated with seats, are requested to apply to the 
treasurer, 68, West-stn et '' 

In page 101, instead of Statement of tJu Fuuds of the 
Dispensary, read, 

£ s. d. 
Payment for expences of Patients, from 

August 1816 to August 1817 295 2 1 

Balance in favour of the Institution vested 

in Exchequer Bills &c. &c 47'2 10 3 

In page 116, instead of the Treasurer, Mrs Bayntwi, 
read Mrs. Dorset, West Street. 



ERRATA. 

In page 34, first line, read 1794 instead of 1091. 

In page 105, in list of donations read Piechell instead 
of Prischell; and Podmore instead of Podman. 

In page 111, instead of maintained generously, read 
generously maintained. 

In p. 113, instead of " invented by Lancaster is adopted" 
read " is upon the British and Foreign system of education.'' 

In page 120, instead of John Kull, Esq. Union Bank, 
read John Hall, Esq. 

In page 113, instead of Mrs. Mackay, read Mrs 
Markby. 



Library of Congress 
Branch Bindery, 1903 



